Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol 24, 312-319, Copyright © 1983 by Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

ARTICLES AND REPORTS

Long-term maintenance of reduced intraocular pressure by daily or twice daily topical application of prostaglandins to cat or rhesus monkey eyes

LZ Bito, A Draga, J Blanco and CB Camras

Substantial evidence indicates that a single topical application of prostaglandins (PGs) can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes of several species. However, earlier literature, dealing with ocular hypertensive and inflammatory responses, shows the development of tachyphylaxis to subsequent doses of PGs. If similar tolerance developed to the ocular hypotensive effects of PGs, it would preclude the use of these agents in the treatment of chronic glaucoma. The present study shows, however, that although tachyphylaxis to the ocular hypotensive effects of PGs develops in rabbits, this is not a typical response among mammals. Significant IOP reduction was maintained in cats for up to 9 months by topical application of PGE2 at 12-, 24-, or 48-hr intervals. The IOP reduction was jeopardized seriously only when the PG was applied every other day for several days or when, on a few occasions, 3 days were allowed to elapse between PGE2 applications. Ocular hypotension was also maintained during the course of topical treatment of rhesus monkey eyes with PGF2 alpha. Short periods of pupillary constriction followed the application of each dose of PGF2 alpha to cat eyes, but the miotic response of rhesus monkeys to PGF2 alpha and cats to PGF2 was negligible. Other apparent side effects were noted, but none of these were severe or progressive. These results clearly demonstrate that tachyphylaxis, or tolerance, is not expected to present an obstacle to the development of eicosanoids and/or their derivatives as therapeutic agents for the long-term treatment of ocular hypertension and chronic glaucoma.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. F. E. Nilsson, E. Drecoll, E. Lutjen-Drecoll, C. B. Toris, A. H.-P. Krauss, A. Kharlamb, A. Nieves, T. Guerra, and D. F. Woodward The Prostanoid EP2 Receptor Agonist Butaprost Increases Uveoscleral Outflow in the Cynomolgus Monkey. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 4042 - 4049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Z. Bito A New Approach to the Medical Management of Glaucoma, from the Bench to the Clinic, and Beyond: The Proctor Lecture Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2001; 42(6): 1126 - 1133. [Full Text]

				J. W. Stjernschantz From PGF2{{alpha}}-Isopropyl Ester to Latanoprost: A Review of the Development of Xalatan The Proctor Lecture Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2001; 42(6): 1134 - 1145. [Full Text]

				C. E. Crosson and M. Petrovich Contributions of Adenosine Receptor Activation to the Ocular Actions of Epinephrine Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 1999; 40(9): 2054 - 2061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I Widengård, O Mäepea, and A Alm Effects of latanoprost and dipivefrin, alone or combined, on intraocular pressure and on blood-aqueous barrier permeability Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 1998; 82(4): 404 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Linden and A. Alm Latanoprost and Physostigmine Have Mostly Additive Ocular Hypotensive Effects in Human Eyes Arch Ophthalmol, July 1, 1997; 115(7): 857 - 861. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B. W. Griffin, G. W. Williams, J. Y. Crider, and N. A. Sharif FP Prostaglandin Receptors Mediating Inositol Phosphates Generation and Calcium Mobilization in Swiss 3T3 Cells: A Pharmacological Study J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 1997; 281(2): 845 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. J. Higginbotham Will Latanoprost Be the 'Wonder' Drug of the '90s for the Treatment of Glaucoma? Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 1996; 114(8): 998 - 999. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Alm and J. Villumsen PhXA34, a New Potent Ocular Hypotensive Drug: A Study on Dose-Response Relationship and on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Healthy Volunteers Arch Ophthalmol, November 1, 1991; 109(11): 1564 - 1568. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. S. Sachdev, N. N. Sood, L. K. Verma, S. K. Gupta, and N. F. Jaffery Pathogenesis of Epidemic Dropsy Glaucoma Arch Ophthalmol, September 1, 1988; 106(9): 1221 - 1223. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Miyake, Y. Miyake, and R. Kuratomi Long-term Effects of Topically Applied Epinephrine on the Blood-Ocular Barrier in Humans Arch Ophthalmol, October 1, 1987; 105(10): 1360 - 1363. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Crawford and P. L. Kaufman Pilocarpine Antagonizes Prostaglandin F2{alpha}-Induced Ocular Hypotension in Monkeys: Evidence for Enhancement of Uveoscleral Outflow by Prostaglandin F2{alpha} Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 1987; 105(8): 1112 - 1116. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P.-Y. Lee, S. M. Podos, J. B. Serle, C. B. Camras, and C. H. Severin Intraocular Pressure Effects of Multiple Doses of Drugs Applied to Glaucomatous Monkey Eyes Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 1987; 105(2): 249 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF]