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Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes sst₁ and sst₂ in the Rat Retina

From the Institute of Medical Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract

PURPOSE. To investigate the distribution of somatostatin receptor subtypes sst₁ and sst₂ in the rat retina by immunohistochemistry and to characterize further the neurotransmitters of the sst₁- and sst₂-immunoreactive cells.

METHODS. Polyclonal antibodies raised against sst₁ and sst₂ receptors were applied to 12-µm cryostat sections of rat retinas fixed in paraformaldehyde. Further, immunofluorescence double labeling was performed for the sst₁ and sst₂ receptors with somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD).

RESULTS. Immunoreactivity for sst₁ was present in somatostatinergic amacrine cells located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and in displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. Also, a small number of ganglion cells were sst₁ immunoreactive. Immunoreactivity for sst₂ was observed in many medium-sized amacrine cells in the middle part of the INL, with a central process projecting to the sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer. Furthermore, sst₂ immunoreactivity was found in large amacrine cells of the INL. These cells also contained TH. Inner segments of cone receptors were stained with the sst₂ antiserum. Immunostaining for sst₂, and to a minor extent for sst₁, was found in Müller cell fibers. None of the somatostatin receptors colocalized with GAD.

CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that the sst₁ receptor may function as an autoreceptor on retinal somatostatinergic cells. The presence of sst₂ receptors on the TH-immunoreactive amacrine cells indicates an influence of somatostatin on the secretion of dopamine in rat retina.

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