| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 From the Laboratory for Surgical Research, Children’s Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; the 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; and the 3 Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
Abstract
PURPOSE. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its high-affinity receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was investigated in normal eyes.
METHODS. Monkey and rat eyes were surgically removed in animals under deep anesthesia and immediately prepared for study. Ocular VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 expression was studied using a combination of in situ hybridization, northern blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunoassay, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS. Steady state VEGF mRNA levels were detected in the normal vascularized ocular tissues of the monkey: the conjunctiva, iris, retina, and the choroid–retinal pigment epithelial complex. VEGF121 and VEGF165 were the major isoforms identified. VEGF protein was detected in the conjunctiva, retina, and the choroid–retinal pigment epithelial complex. Retinal VEGF mRNA localized to the ganglion, inner nuclear, and retinal pigment epithelial cell layers. VEGF protein localized to these same layers and to the cones of monkey retina. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNAs were detected in normal monkey iris, retina, and the choroid–retinal pigment epithelial complex. In both monkey and rat eyes, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNAs were localized to the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
CONCLUSIONS. VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 are constitutively expressed in the vascularized tissues of normal eyes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Shimada, E. Akaza, M. Yuzawa, and M. Kawashima Concentration Gradient of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Vitreous of Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2009; 50(6): 2953 - 2955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Roy, D. M. Hallman, Y.-P. Fu, M. Machado, and C. L. Hanis Assessment of 193 Candidate Genes for Retinopathy in African Americans With Type 1 Diabetes Arch Ophthalmol, May 1, 2009; 127(5): 605 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Monson, J. R. Smith, M. L. Klein, and D. J. Wilson Clinicopathologic Correlation of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 2008; 126(12): 1664 - 1668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Salom, M. Diaz-Llopis, S. Garcia-Delpech, P. Udaondo, M. Sancho-Tello, and F. J. Romero Aqueous Humor Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Retinitis Pigmentosa Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2008; 49(8): 3499 - 3502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Dallabrida, N. S. Ismail, E. A. Pravda, E. M. Parodi, R. Dickie, E. M. Durand, J. Lai, F. Cassiola, R. A. Rogers, and M. A. Rupnick Integrin binding angiopoietin-1 monomers reduce cardiac hypertrophy FASEB J, August 1, 2008; 22(8): 3010 - 3023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P C. Issa, R P Finger, F G Holz, and H P N Scholl Eighteen-month follow-up of intravitreal bevacizumab in type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia Br. J. Ophthalmol., July 1, 2008; 92(7): 941 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Nishiguchi, M. Nakamura, H. Kaneko, S. Kachi, and H. Terasaki The Role of VEGF and VEGFR2/Flk1 in Proliferation of Retinal Progenitor Cells in Murine Retinal Degeneration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 4315 - 4320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Nishijima, Y.-S. Ng, L. Zhong, J. Bradley, W. Schubert, N. Jo, J. Akita, S. J. Samuelsson, G. S. Robinson, A. P. Adamis, et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Is a Survival Factor for Retinal Neurons and a Critical Neuroprotectant during the Adaptive Response to Ischemic Injury Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2007; 171(1): 53 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R B Bhisitkul Vascular endothelial growth factor biology: clinical implications for ocular treatments. Br. J. Ophthalmol., December 1, 2006; 90(12): 1542 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M S Spitzer, B Wallenfels-Thilo, A Sierra, E Yoeruek, S Peters, S Henke-Fahle, K U Bartz-Schmidt, P Szurman, and on behalf of the Tuebingen Bevacizumab Study Group Antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of bevacizumab on different ocular cells Br. J. Ophthalmol., October 1, 2006; 90(10): 1316 - 1321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Baffert, T. Le, B. Sennino, G. Thurston, C. J. Kuo, D. Hu-Lowe, and D. M. McDonald Cellular changes in normal blood capillaries undergoing regression after inhibition of VEGF signaling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H547 - H559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Lebherz, A. M. Maguire, A. Auricchio, W. Tang, T. S. Aleman, Z. Wei, R. Grant, A. V. Cideciyan, S. G. Jacobson, J. M. Wilson, et al. Nonhuman Primate Models for Diabetic Ocular Neovascularization Using AAV2-Mediated Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Diabetes, April 1, 2005; 54(4): 1141 - 1149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. van Wijngaarden, D. J. Coster, and K. A. Williams Inhibitors of Ocular Neovascularization: Promises and Potential Problems JAMA, March 23, 2005; 293(12): 1509 - 1513. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gaudreault, D. Fei, J. Rusit, P. Suboc, and V. Shiu Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Ranibizumab (rhuFabV2) after a Single Intravitreal Administration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2005; 46(2): 726 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Z. Renno, Y. Terada, M. J. Haddadin, N. A. Michaud, E. S. Gragoudas, and J. W. Miller Selective Photodynamic Therapy by Targeted Verteporfin Delivery to Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization Mediated by a Homing Peptide to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Arch Ophthalmol, July 1, 2004; 122(7): 1002 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Bhutto, S. Y. Kim, D. S. McLeod, C. Merges, N. Fukai, B. R. Olsen, and G. A. Lutty Localization of Collagen XVIII and the Endostatin Portion of Collagen XVIII in Aged Human Control Eyes and Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2004; 45(5): 1544 - 1552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Zarbin Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 2004; 122(4): 598 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. N. Frank Diabetic Retinopathy N. Engl. J. Med., January 1, 2004; 350(1): 48 - 58. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-M. Rakic, V. Lambert, L. Devy, A. Luttun, P. Carmeliet, C. Claes, L. Nguyen, J.-M. Foidart, A. Noel, and C. Munaut Placental Growth Factor, a Member of the VEGF Family, Contributes to the Development of Choroidal Neovascularization Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2003; 44(7): 3186 - 3193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Oshima, C. Shukunami, J. Honda, K. Nishida, F. Tashiro, J.-i. Miyazaki, Y. Hiraki, and Y. Tano Expression and Localization of Tenomodulin, a Transmembrane Type Chondromodulin-I-Related Angiogenesis Inhibitor, in Mouse Eyes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2003; 44(5): 1814 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ishida, T. Usui, K. Yamashiro, Y. Kaji, E. Ahmed, K. G. Carrasquillo, S. Amano, T. Hida, Y. Oguchi, and A. P. Adamis VEGF164 Is Proinflammatory in the Diabetic Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2003; 44(5): 2155 - 2162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Rakoczy, M. Brankov, A. Fonceca, T. Zaknich, B. C. Rae, and C.-M. Lai Enhanced Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Adult Mouse Retina: A Potential Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes, March 1, 2003; 52(3): 857 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, T. Ishibashi, S. G. Elner, and V. M. Elner Role of MCP-1 and MIP-1{alpha} in retinal neovascularization during postischemic inflammation in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2003; 73(1): 137 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Witmer, H. G. Blaauwgeers, H. A. Weich, K. Alitalo, G. F. J. M. Vrensen, and R. O. Schlingemann Altered Expression Patterns of VEGF Receptors in Human Diabetic Retina and in Experimental VEGF-Induced Retinopathy in Monkey Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 849 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Qaum, Q. Xu, A. M. Joussen, M. W. Clemens, W. Qin, K. Miyamoto, H. Hassessian, S. J. Wiegand, J. Rudge, G. D. Yancopoulos, et al. VEGF-initiated Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown in Early Diabetes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2001; 42(10): 2408 - 2413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Schwesinger, C. Yee, R. M. Rohan, A. M. Joussen, A. Fernandez, T. N. Meyer, V. Poulaki, J. J. K. Ma, T. M. Redmond, S. Liu, et al. Intrachoroidal Neovascularization in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2001; 158(3): 1161 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Baffi, G. Byrnes, C.-C. Chan, and K. G. Csaky Choroidal Neovascularization in the Rat Induced by Adenovirus Mediated Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2000; 41(11): 3582 - 3589. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Hauswirth and L. Beaufrere Ocular Gene Therapy: Quo Vadis? Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2000; 41(10): 2821 - 2826. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hoffmann, R. Masood, Y. Zhang, S. He, S. J. Ryan, P. Gill, and D. R. Hinton Selective Killing of RPE with a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Chimeric Toxin Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2000; 41(8): 2389 - 2393. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G Sheidow, P. L Hooper, C. Crukley, J. Young, and J G. Heathcote Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in uveal melanoma and its correlation with metastasis Br. J. Ophthalmol., July 1, 2000; 84(7): 750 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
