IOVS Infection and Immunity
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wolfs, R. C. W.
Right arrow Articles by de Jong, P. T. V. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wolfs, R. C. W.
Right arrow Articles by de Jong, P. T. V. M.
(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2000;41:3309-3321.)
© 2000 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Changing Views on Open-Angle Glaucoma: Definitions and Prevalences—The Rotterdam Study

Roger C. W. Wolfs1,2, Petra H. Borger1, Raan S. Ramrattan1,2, Caroline C. W. Klaver1,2, Caroline A. A. Hulsman1,3, Albert Hofman1, Johannes R. Vingerling2, Roger A. Hitchings4 and Paulus T. V. M. de Jong1,3,5

1 From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and 2 Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 3 The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; the 4 Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and the 5 Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PURPOSE. To create a quantitative basis for diagnostic criteria for open-angle glaucoma (OAG), to propose an epidemiologic definition for OAG based on these, and to determine the prevalence of OAG in a general white population.

METHODS. Of the 7983 subjects 55 years of age or older participating in the population-based Rotterdam Study, 6756 subjects participated in the ophthalmic part of this study (6281 subjects living independently and 475 in nursing homes). The criteria for the diagnosis of OAG were based on ophthalmoscopic and semiautomated Imagenet estimations of the optic disc such as vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), minimal width of neural rim, or asymmetry in VCDR between both eyes, and visual field testing with kinetic Goldmann perimetry. All criteria for the diagnosis of OAG were assessed in a masked way independently of each other.

RESULTS. Mean VCDR on ophthalmoscopy was 0.3 and with Imagenet 0.49, and the 97.5th percentile for both was 0.7. The prevalence of glaucomatous visual field defects was 1.5%. Overall prevalence of definite OAG in the independently living subjects was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6, 1.0; 50 cases). Prevalence of OAG in men was double that in women (odds ratio 2.1; 95% CI 1.2, 3.6). Different commonly used criteria for diagnosis of OAG resulted in prevalence figures ranging from 0.1% to 1.2%.

CONCLUSIONS. The overall prevalence of OAG in the present study was comparable to most population-based studies. However, prevalence figures differed by a factor of 12 when their criteria for OAG were applied to this population. A definition for definite OAG is proposed: a glaucomatous optic neuropathy in eyes with open angles in the absence of history or signs of secondary glaucoma characterized by glaucomatous changes based on the 97.5 percentile for this population together with glaucomatous visual field loss. In the absence of the latter or of a visual field test, it is proposed to speak of probable OAG based on the 99.5th or possible OAG based on the 97.5th percentiles of glaucomatous disc changes for a population under study.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 IOVSHome page
F. A. Medeiros, L. M. Alencar, L. M. Zangwill, C. Bowd, G. Vizzeri, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb
Detection of Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Glaucoma Using Scanning Laser Polarimetry with Variable Corneal Compensation
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2009; 50(4): 1675 - 1681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
M. Akbari, S. Akbari, and L. R. Pasquale
The Association of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma With Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 2009; 127(2): 204 - 210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
R Stoutenbeek, S de Voogd, R C W Wolfs, A Hofman, P T V M de Jong, and N M Jansonius
The additional yield of a periodic screening programme for open-angle glaucoma: a population-based comparison of incident glaucoma cases detected in regular ophthalmic care with cases detected during screening
Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2008; 92(9): 1222 - 1226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
F Carbonaro, T Andrew, D A Mackey, T D Spector, and C J Hammond
Heritability of intraocular pressure: a classical twin study
Br. J. Ophthalmol., August 1, 2008; 92(8): 1125 - 1128.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
R R A Bourne, P J Foster, C Bunce, T Peto, R A Hitchings, P T Khaw, S K L Seah, and D F Garway-Heath
The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 1--optic nerve head morphology
Br. J. Ophthalmol., March 1, 2008; 92(3): 303 - 309.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
A. T. Broman, H. A. Quigley, S. K. West, J. Katz, B. Munoz, K. Bandeen-Roche, J. M. Tielsch, D. S. Friedman, J. Crowston, H. R. Taylor, et al.
Estimating the Rate of Progressive Visual Field Damage in Those with Open-Angle Glaucoma, from Cross-Sectional Data
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 66 - 76.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
S. de Voogd, R. C. W. Wolfs, N. M. Jansonius, A. G. Uitterlinden, H. A. P. Pols, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta and the Risk of Open-angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study
Arch Ophthalmol, January 1, 2008; 126(1): 110 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
K. Sakata, L. M. Sakata, V. M. Sakata, C. Santini, L. M. Hopker, R. Bernardes, C. Yabumoto, and A. T. R. Moreira
Prevalence of Glaucoma in a South Brazilian Population: Projeto Glaucoma
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2007; 48(11): 4974 - 4979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
F. J. de Jong, M. K. Ikram, D. D. G. Despriet, A. G. Uitterlinden, A. Hofman, M. M. B. Breteler, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Complement Factor H Polymorphism, Inflammatory Mediators, and Retinal Vessel Diameters: The Rotterdam Study
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 3014 - 3018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
C. A. A. Hulsman, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, J. C. M. Witteman, and P. T. V.M. de Jong
Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Open-angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study
Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 2007; 125(6): 805 - 812.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
J L Y Yip, T Aung, T-Y Wong, D Machin, P T Khaw, K-T Khaw, S Seah, and P J Foster
Socioeconomic status, systolic blood pressure and intraocular pressure: the Tanjong Pagar Study
Br. J. Ophthalmol., January 1, 2007; 91(1): 56 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
R Stoutenbeek and N M Jansonius
Glaucoma screening during regular optician visits: can the population at risk of developing glaucoma be reached?
Br. J. Ophthalmol., October 1, 2006; 90(10): 1242 - 1244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
S. de Voogd, R. C. W. Wolfs, N. M. Jansonius, J. C. M. Witteman, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Atherosclerosis, C-reactive protein, and risk for open-angle glaucoma: the rotterdam study.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 3772 - 3776.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
I. Rietveld, M. K. Ikram, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, H. A.P. Pols, S. W.J. Lamberts, P. T.V.M. de Jong, C. M. van Duijn, and J. A.M.J.L. Janssen
An igf-I gene polymorphism modifies the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes, August 1, 2006; 55(8): 2387 - 2391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. He, P. J. Foster, J. Ge, W. Huang, Y. Zheng, D. S. Friedman, P. S. Lee, and P. T. Khaw
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult chinese: a population-based study in liwan district, guangzhou.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 2782 - 2788.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
M J Hawker, S A Vernon, C L Tattersall, and H S Dua
Detecting glaucoma with RADAAR: the Bridlington Eye Assessment Project
Br. J. Ophthalmol., June 1, 2006; 90(6): 744 - 748.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. K. Ikram, F. J. de Jong, M. J. Bos, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, P. J. Koudstaal, P. T.V.M. de Jong, and M.M.B. Breteler
Retinal vessel diameters and risk of stroke: The Rotterdam Study
Neurology, May 9, 2006; 66(9): 1339 - 1343.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
R R A Bourne
Worldwide glaucoma through the looking glass.
Br. J. Ophthalmol., March 1, 2006; 90(3): 253 - 254.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
H A Quigley and A T Broman
The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020.
Br. J. Ophthalmol., March 1, 2006; 90(3): 262 - 267.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. K. Ikram, J. A.M.J.L. Janssen, A. M.E. Roos, I. Rietveld, J. C.M. Witteman, M. M.B. Breteler, A. Hofman, C. M. van Duijn, and P. T.V.M. de Jong
Retinal Vessel Diameters and Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Diabetes: The Rotterdam Study
Diabetes, February 1, 2006; 55(2): 506 - 510.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
L. Vijaya, R. George, P. G. Paul, M. Baskaran, H. Arvind, P. Raju, S. V. Ramesh, G. Kumaramanickavel, and C. McCarty
Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Rural South Indian Population
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 4461 - 4467.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. J. Hawker, S. A. Vernon, G. Ainsworth, J. G. Hillman, H. K. MacNab, and H. S. Dua
Asymmetry in Optic Disc Morphometry as Measured by Heidelberg Retina Tomography in a Normal Elderly Population: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 4153 - 4158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
J. C. Charlesworth, T. D. Dyer, J. M. Stankovich, J. Blangero, D. A. Mackey, J. E. Craig, C. M. Green, S. J. Foote, P. N. Baird, and M. M. Sale
Linkage to 10q22 for Maximum Intraocular Pressure and 1p32 for Maximum Cup-to-Disc Ratio in an Extended Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Pedigree
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2005; 46(10): 3723 - 3729.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
S. A. Vernon, M. J. Hawker, G. Ainsworth, J. G. Hillman, H. K. MacNab, and H. S. Dua
Laser Scanning Tomography of the Optic Nerve Head in a Normal Elderly Population: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2005; 46(8): 2823 - 2828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. K. Ikram, S. de Voogd, R. C. W. Wolfs, A. Hofman, M. M. B. Breteler, L. D. Hubbard, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Retinal Vessel Diameters and Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma and Optic Disc Changes: The Rotterdam Study
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2005; 46(4): 1182 - 1187.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
E. Skenduli-Bala, S. de Voogd, R. C. W. Wolfs, R. van Leeuwen, M. K. Ikram, J. B. Jonas, D. Bakker, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Causes of Incident Visual Field Loss in a General Elderly Population: The Rotterdam Study
Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 2005; 123(2): 233 - 238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
M. Tatemichi, T. Nakano, K. Tanaka, T. Hayashi, T. Nawa, T. Miyamoto, H. Hiro, and M. Sugita
Possible association between heavy computer users and glaucomatous visual field abnormalities: a cross sectional study in Japanese workers
J Epidemiol Community Health, December 1, 2004; 58(12): 1021 - 1027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
M M Rahman, N Rahman, P J Foster, Z Haque, A U Zaman, B Dineen, and G J Johnson
The prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh: a population based survey in Dhaka division
Br. J. Ophthalmol., December 1, 2004; 88(12): 1493 - 1497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. K. Ikram, F. J. de Jong, J. R. Vingerling, J. C. M. Witteman, A. Hofman, M. M. B. Breteler, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Are Retinal Arteriolar or Venular Diameters Associated with Markers for Cardiovascular Disorders? The Rotterdam Study
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 2129 - 2134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group
Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States
Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 2004; 122(4): 532 - 538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
J. A. Landers, I. Goldberg, and S. L. Graham
Detection of Early Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma Using Frequency-Doubling Perimetry and Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry
Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 2003; 121(12): 1705 - 1710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
A J Lee, P Mitchell, E Rochtchina, and P R Healey
Female reproductive factors and open angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Br. J. Ophthalmol., November 1, 2003; 87(11): 1324 - 1328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
M Kroese and H Burton
Primary open angle glaucoma. The need for a consensus case definition
J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2003; 57(9): 752 - 754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
R R A Bourne, P Sukudom, P J Foster, V Tantisevi, S Jitapunkul, P S Lee, G J Johnson, and P Rojanapongpun
Prevalence of glaucoma in Thailand: a population based survey in Rom Klao District, Bangkok
Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2003; 87(9): 1069 - 1074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
B. Nemesure, S.-Y. Wu, A. Hennis, and M. C. Leske
Factors Related to the 4-Year Risk of High Intraocular Pressure: The Barbados Eye Studies
Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 2003; 121(6): 856 - 862.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
C. A. A. Hulsman, J. J. Houwing-Duistermaat, C. M. van Duijn, R. Wolfs, P. H. Borger, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Family Score as an Indicator of Genetic Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 2002; 120(12): 1726 - 1731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
A Wegner
A few remarks about glaucoma
Br. J. Ophthalmol., August 1, 2002; 86(8): 836 - 837.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
A. P. Rotchford and G. J. Johnson
Glaucoma in Zulus: A Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey in a Rural District in South Africa
Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 2002; 120(4): 471 - 478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
P. J Foster, R. Buhrmann, H. A Quigley, and G. J Johnson
The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys
Br. J. Ophthalmol., February 1, 2002; 86(2): 238 - 242.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
R. S. Ramrattan, R. C. W. Wolfs, S. Panda-Jonas, J. B. Jonas, D. Bakker, H. A. Pols, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Field Loss in the Elderly and Associations With Impairment in Daily Functioning: The Rotterdam Study
Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 2001; 119(12): 1788 - 1794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
C. A. A. Hulsman, I. C. D. Westendorp, R. S. Ramrattan, R. C. W. Wolfs, J. C. M. Witteman, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong
Is Open-Angle Glaucoma Associated with Early Menopause? : The Rotterdam Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2001; 154(2): 138 - 144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2000 by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology