| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 From the Departments of Neurology and 3 Ophthalmology, Zürich University Hospital, Switzerland; and 2 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
PURPOSE. To establish an objective Hess screen test that allows a simultaneous and binocular analysis of all three axes of eye rotation.
METHODS. In orthotropic and strabismic human subjects, both eyes were recorded with dual scleral search coils in a three-field magnetic system. Before mounting the search coil annuli on the eyes, the voltage offsets of each channel and the relative magnitudes of the three magnetic fields were determined. For calibration, subjects were only required to fix monocularly on a single reference target. During fixation of targets on the Hess screen by the uncovered eye, the three-dimensional eye position of both the occluded and the viewing eye was simultaneously measured.
RESULTS. For clinical interpretation, an easy to understand graphical description of the three-dimensional Hess screen test was developed. Positions of orthotropic and strabismic eyes tended to follow Listing’s law, which in both eyes allowed the determination of the primary position, that is, the position of gaze from which pure horizontal and pure vertical movements do not lead to an ocular rotation about the line-of-sight. To a first approximation, the location of primary position is a result of the summation of the individual rotation axes of the six extraocular muscles and thus can be used to infer which muscle is paretic.
CONCLUSIONS. The three-dimensional Hess screen test with binocular dual search coils in a three-field magnetic system is an objective method to assess the ocular alignment in three dimensions with high precision. From these recordings, the clinician can relate deviations of primary position to specific eye muscle palsies.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. G. Shaikh, K. Miura, L. M. Optican, S. Ramat, R. J. Leigh, and D. S. Zee A new familial disease of saccadic oscillations and limb tremor provides clues to mechanisms of common tremor disorders Brain, November 1, 2007; 130(11): 3020 - 3031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Tian, X. Shan, D. S. Zee, H. Ying, R. J. Tamargo, C. Quaia, L. M. Optican, and M. F. Walker Acute Superior Oblique Palsy in Monkeys: III. Relationship to Listing's Law Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2007; 48(6): 2621 - 2625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Tarnutzer, S. Ramat, D. Straumann, and D. S. Zee Pursuit Responses to Target Steps During Ongoing Tracking J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1266 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Walker and D. S. Zee Cerebellar Disease Alters the Axis of the High-Acceleration Vestibuloocular Reflex J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2005; 94(5): 3417 - 3429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ramat, D. Straumann, and D. S. Zee Interaural Translational VOR: Suppression, Enhancement, and Cognitive Control J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2391 - 2402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Marti, C. J. Bockisch, and D. Straumann Prolonged Asymmetric Smooth-Pursuit Stimulation Leads to Downbeat Nystagmus in Healthy Human Subjects Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2005; 46(1): 143 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Y. Peng, D. S. Zee, and L. B. Minor Phase-Plane Analysis of Gaze Stabilization to High Acceleration Head Thrusts: A Continuum Across Normal Subjects and Patients With Loss of Vestibular Function J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1763 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. P. Weber, K. Landau, A. Palla, T. Haslwanter, and D. Straumann Ocular Rotation Axes during Dynamic Bielschowsky Head-Tilt Testing in Unilateral Trochlear Nerve Palsy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2004; 45(2): 455 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Bergamin, S. Ramat, D. Straumann, and D. S. Zee Influence of Orientation of Exiting Wire of Search Coil Annulus on Torsion after Saccades Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2004; 45(1): 131 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Straumann, H. Steffen, K. Landau, O. Bergamin, A. V. Mudgil, M. F. Walker, D. L. Guyton, and D. S. Zee Primary Position and Listing's Law in Acquired and Congenital Trochlear Nerve Palsy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2003; 44(10): 4282 - 4292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ramat and D. S. Zee Ocular Motor Responses to Abrupt Interaural Head Translation in Normal Humans J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 887 - 902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Irving, J. E. Zacher, R. S. Allison, and M. G. Callender Effects of Scleral Search Coil Wear on Visual Function Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2003; 44(5): 1933 - 1938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Bergamin, S. Bizzarri, and D. Straumann Ocular Torsion during Voluntary Blinks in Humans Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2002; 43(11): 3438 - 3443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. F. Wong, J. A. Sharpe, and D. Tweed Adaptive Neural Mechanism for Listing's Law Revealed in Patients with Fourth Nerve Palsy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 1796 - 1803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Steffen, M. Walker, and D. S. Zee Changes in Listing's Plane after Sustained Vertical Fusion Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 668 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
