| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and 2 Harvard Medical School, Boston; and 3 R&D Consulting, Arlington, Massachusetts.
PURPOSE. To characterize the age-related accumulation of lipofuscin in a population of normal subjects, resolve differences in estimated accumulation rates obtained in previous studies, and characterize the spatial distribution of lipofuscin in the normal fundus.
METHODS. Spectrophotometric measurements were made at the fovea and 7° temporal to the fovea in 145 normal subjects (age range, 15–80 years). Spatial distribution along the four cardinal meridians was measured in selected subjects by both spectrophotometry and autofluorescence imaging. To minimize contributions of extraneous fluorophores, macular pigment, and melanin, all measurements used excitation at 550 nm, integrating emission between 650 and 750 nm.
RESULTS. Lipofuscin fluorescence increased linearly until age 70, then declined.
The rate of accumulation was significantly slower in the fovea than at
the temporal site; accumulation rates in vivo were greater than
previously observed in microscopic studies. Fluorescence was 
40%
lower in the fovea than at 7° eccentricity and was asymmetrically
distributed around the fovea. The fluorescence was maximal at 
11°
temporally, 7° nasally, 13° superiorly, and 9°
inferiorly. At the same eccentricity, fluorescence was always less
along the inferior meridian than along any other.
CONCLUSIONS. Light absorption by RPE melanin can explain differences between the in vivo and ex vivo estimates of the rate of lipofuscin accumulation. Declining fluorescence at old age may represent removal of atrophic RPE cells. The spatial distribution of lipofuscin generally matches that of rods and reflects, rather than predicts, the pattern of age-related loss of rod photoreceptors.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. A. Radu, Q. Yuan, J. Hu, J. H. Peng, M. Lloyd, S. Nusinowitz, D. Bok, and G. H. Travis Accelerated Accumulation of Lipofuscin Pigments in the RPE of a Mouse Model for ABCA4-Mediated Retinal Dystrophies following Vitamin A Supplementation Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 3821 - 3829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Ayata, S Tatlipinar, M Unal, D Ersanli, and A H Bilge Excitation-time-dependent increment in the luminescence of fundus autofluorescence Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2008; 92(9): 1241 - 1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. I. W. Morgan, J. J. Hunter, B. Masella, R. Wolfe, D. C. Gray, W. H. Merigan, F. C. Delori, and D. R. Williams Light-Induced Retinal Changes Observed with High-Resolution Autofluorescence Imaging of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2008; 49(8): 3715 - 3729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Bottoni, L Carmassi, M Cigada, S Moschini, and F Bergamini Diagnosis of macular pseudoholes and lamellar macular holes: is optical coherence tomography the "gold standard"? Br. J. Ophthalmol., May 1, 2008; 92(5): 635 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A G Robson, M Michaelides, V A Luong, G E Holder, A C Bird, A R Webster, A T Moore, and F W Fitzke Functional correlates of fundus autofluorescence abnormalities in patients with RPGR or RIMS1 mutations causing cone or cone rod dystrophy Br. J. Ophthalmol., January 1, 2008; 92(1): 95 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Kim, Y. P. Jang, S. Jockusch, N. E. Fishkin, N. J. Turro, and J. R. Sparrow The all-trans-retinal dimer series of lipofuscin pigments in retinal pigment epithelial cells in a recessive Stargardt disease model PNAS, December 4, 2007; 104(49): 19273 - 19278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Abeywickrama, H. Matsuda, S. Jockusch, J. Zhou, Y. P. Jang, B.-X. Chen, Y. Itagaki, B. F. Erlanger, K. Nakanishi, N. J. Turro, et al. Immunochemical recognition of A2E, a pigment in the lipofuscin of retinal pigment epithelial cells PNAS, September 11, 2007; 104(37): 14610 - 14615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhou, Y. P. Jang, S. R. Kim, and J. R. Sparrow Complement activation by photooxidation products of A2E, a lipofuscin constituent of the retinal pigment epithelium PNAS, October 31, 2006; 103(44): 16182 - 16187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. N. Keilhauer and F. C. Delori Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of the fundus: visualization of ocular melanin. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 3556 - 3564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Raz-Prag, R. Ayyagari, R. N. Fariss, M. N. A. Mandal, V. Vasireddy, S. Majchrzak, A. L. Webber, R. A. Bush, N. Salem Jr, K. Petrukhin, et al. Haploinsufficiency Is Not the Key Mechanism of Pathogenesis in a Heterozygous Elovl4 Knockout Mouse Model of STGD3 Disease. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 3603 - 3611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y-F Shih, T-C Ho, C K Hsiao, and L L-K Lin Visual outcomes for high myopic patients with or without myopic maculopathy: a 10 year follow up study Br. J. Ophthalmol., May 1, 2006; 90(5): 546 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Sarks, K Tang, M Killingsworth, J Arnold, and S Sarks Development of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium around disciform scars. Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 2006; 90(4): 442 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. P. Jang, H. Matsuda, Y. Itagaki, K. Nakanishi, and J. R. Sparrow Characterization of Peroxy-A2E and Furan-A2E Photooxidation Products and Detection in Human and Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Lipofuscin J. Biol. Chem., December 2, 2005; 280(48): 39732 - 39739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. M. Liew, C. E. Gilbert, T. D. Spector, J. Mellerio, J. Marshall, F. J. van Kuijk, S. Beatty, F. Fitzke, and C. J. Hammond Heritability of Macular Pigment: A Twin Study Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 4430 - 4436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Cideciyan, M. Swider, T. S. Aleman, A. Sumaroka, S. B. Schwartz, M. I. Roman, A. H. Milam, J. Bennett, E. M. Stone, and S. G. Jacobson ABCA4-Associated Retinal Degenerations Spare Structure and Function of the Human Parapapillary Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 4739 - 4746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bindewald, A. C. Bird, S. S. Dandekar, J. Dolar-Szczasny, J. Dreyhaupt, F. W. Fitzke, W. Einbock, F. G. Holz, J. J. Jorzik, C. Keilhauer, et al. Classification of Fundus Autofluorescence Patterns in Early Age-Related Macular Disease Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2005; 46(9): 3309 - 3314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Smith, J. P. Koniarek, J. Chan, T. Nagasaki, J. R. Sparrow, and K. Langton Autofluorescence Characteristics of Normal Foveas and Reconstruction of Foveal Autofluorescence from Limited Data Subsets Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2005; 46(8): 2940 - 2946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Strauss The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Visual Function Physiol Rev, July 1, 2005; 85(3): 845 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Bindewald, S Schmitz-Valckenberg, J J Jorzik, J Dolar-Szczasny, H Sieber, C Keilhauer, A W A Weinberger, S Dithmar, D Pauleikhoff, U Mansmann, et al. Classification of abnormal fundus autofluorescence patterns in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy in patients with age related macular degeneration Br. J. Ophthalmol., July 1, 2005; 89(7): 874 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. E. Fishkin, J. R. Sparrow, R. Allikmets, and K. Nakanishi Isolation and characterization of a retinal pigment epithelial cell fluorophore: An all-trans-retinal dimer conjugate PNAS, May 17, 2005; 102(20): 7091 - 7096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Braunstein and J. R. Sparrow A Blue-Blocking Intraocular Lens Should Be Used in Cataract Surgery Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 2005; 123(4): 547 - 549. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. Cideciyan, T. S. Aleman, M. Swider, S. B. Schwartz, J. D. Steinberg, A. J. Brucker, A. M. Maguire, J. Bennett, E. M. Stone, and S. G. Jacobson Mutations in ABCA4 result in accumulation of lipofuscin before slowing of the retinoid cycle: a reappraisal of the human disease sequence Hum. Mol. Genet., March 1, 2004; 13(5): 525 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Bellmann, G S Rubin, S A Kabanarou, A C Bird, and F W Fitzke Fundus autofluorescence imaging compared with different confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes Br. J. Ophthalmol., November 1, 2003; 87(11): 1381 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Sparrow Therapy for macular degeneration: Insights from acne PNAS, April 15, 2003; 100(8): 4353 - 4354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M B Parodi, S Da Pozzo, and G Ravalico Angiographic features after photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration and pathological myopia Br. J. Ophthalmol., February 1, 2003; 87(2): 177 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Rakoczy, D. Zhang, T. Robertson, N. L. Barnett, J. Papadimitriou, I. J. Constable, and C.-M. Lai Progressive Age-Related Changes Similar to Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Transgenic Mouse Model Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2002; 161(4): 1515 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Sparrow, J. Zhou, S. Ben-Shabat, H. Vollmer, Y. Itagaki, and K. Nakanishi Involvement of Oxidative Mechanisms in Blue-Light-Induced Damage to A2E-Laden RPE Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2002; 43(4): 1222 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
