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Characterization of Genetically Modified Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Developed for In Vitro and Transplantation Studies

From the Divisions of ¹ Cell Biology, ⁴ Molecular Genetics, and ⁶ Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; ² Neurotech SA, Evry, France; ⁵ Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 415, Paris, France; and the ⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. ³ Present affiliations: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; and the ⁸ Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

PURPOSE. To develop, by specific genetic modification, a differentiated human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line with an extended life span that can be used for investigating their function in vitro and for in vivo transplantation studies.

METHODS. Primary human RPE cells were genetically modified by transfecting with a plasmid encoding the simian virus (SV)40 large T antigen. After characterization, two cell lines, designated h1RPE-7 and h1RPE-116, were chosen for further investigation, along with the spontaneously derived RPE cell line ARPE-19. Factors reported to be important in RPE and photoreceptor cell function and survival in vivo were examined.

RESULTS. Both h1RPE-7 and h1RPE-116 cells exhibited epithelial morphology, expressed cytokeratins, and displayed junctional distribution of ZO-1, p100-p120 and ß-catenin. The cells expressed mRNA for RPE65 and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and the trophic and growth factors brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF), nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Secreted BDNF, bFGF, and VEGF, but not CNTF, were identified in cell supernatants. The cell lines constitutively expressed HLA-ABC, CD54, CD58, and CD59. After activation with IFN- both HLA-ABC and CD54 were upregulated, and the expression of HLA-DR was induced. Both cell lines failed to express CD80, CD86, CD40, or CD48 in vitro and in a mixed lymphocyte reaction were unable to induce T-cell proliferation. Fas ligand (CD95L) was not detected in vitro by RT-PCR. Similar results were obtained with the ARPE-19 cell line.

CONCLUSIONS. RPE lines h1RPE-7 and h1RPE-116 retain many of the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of RPE cells in vivo and may serve as a source of cells for in vitro analysis of RPE cell function, as well as for orthotopic transplantation studies.

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