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Identification of the Gene and the Mutation Responsible for the Mouse nob Phenotype

¹From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ²Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and ⁸Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; ³Research Service, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; ⁴Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; the ⁵Departments of Psychology and ⁹Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; the ⁶Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; and the ⁷Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

PURPOSE. The available evidence indicates that the naturally occurring mouse mutant nob (no b-wave) provides an animal model for the complete form of human X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB1). The goals of the present study were to identify the nob gene defect, to characterize the expression pattern of the involved gene, and to assess visual sensitivity in nob mice.

METHODS. Positional cloning, screening of candidate genes, and sequencing were used to identify the nob gene. The expression pattern of the nyx gene was examined with Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Visual sensitivity was measured with an active avoidance behavioral test.

RESULTS. The nob phenotype is caused by an 85-bp deletion in the mouse nyx gene, which encodes the nyctalopin protein. Expression of nyx was most abundant in the retina and, in particular, in the inner nuclear layer. The nyctalopin protein contains 11 leucine-rich repeats and is flanked by cysteine rich regions, which identifies it as a member of the small leucine rich proteoglycan family. Behavioral testing shows that nob mice have a significant decrease in visual sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS. The nob mouse is a model for human CSNB1. This model will be useful in defining the role of nyctalopin in signal transmission between photoreceptors and retinal bipolar cells.

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