HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response View responses Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (28) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Grisanti, S. Articles by Bartz-Schmidt, K. U. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Grisanti, S. Articles by Bartz-Schmidt, K. U.

Histological Findings in Experimental Macular Surgery with Indocyanine Green

¹From the Center of Ophthalmology, Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; the ²Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and the ³Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.

PURPOSE. To analyze the effect of different concentrations and application intervals of indocyanine green (ICG) on the retina in an experimental setting of macular surgery.

METHODS. Twenty-one porcine eyes were used within 5 hours after enucleation. The eyes were hemisected and the vitreous removed. Different doses of ICG (up to 1 mg) were applied over the trephined macula, and the remainder of the eyecup was filled with a balanced salt solution (BSS). Both the ICG solution and the BSS were drained after 30 or 60 seconds and the complete eyecup irrigated and filled with fresh BSS. The posterior pole was then illuminated with a standard surgical light pipe and light source at maximum power for 3 minutes. Both the ICG-treated retina and the nontreated surrounding retina were processed for histology.

RESULTS. Exposure of the retina at different concentrations of ICG either for 30 or 60 seconds, followed by illumination, caused no histologically detectable damage compared with the controls. No microarchitectural disorganization or cellular disruption was detected. The vitreoretinal interface seemed unaffected.

CONCLUSIONS. Previously described severe damage to the inner retina of human donor eyes could not be found with even higher doses of ICG in this porcine model. Although differences within the species may contribute to these contradictory results, it is conceivable that the postmortem time and the vitality of the tissue influence the outcome in this ex vivo system.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Engel, R. Schraml, T. Maisch, K. Kobuch, B. Konig, R.-M. Szeimies, J. Hillenkamp, W. Baumler, and R. Vasold Light-Induced Decomposition of Indocyanine Green Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 1777 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Thaler, C. Haritoglou, T. J. Choragiewicz, A. Messias, A. Baryluk, C. A. May, R. Rejdak, M. Fiedorowicz, E. Zrenner, and F. Schuettauf In Vivo Toxicity Study of Rhodamine 6G in the Rat Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 2120 - 2126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kawahara, Y. Hata, M. Miura, T. Kita, A. Sengoku, S. Nakao, Y. Mochizuki, H. Enaida, A. Ueno, A. Hafezi-Moghadam, et al. Intracellular Events in Retinal Glial Cells Exposed to ICG and BBG Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 4426 - 4432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Collaer and P. Stalmans Which colour suits the vitreoretinal surgeon? Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2007; 91(9): 1101 - 1102. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Saikia, T. Maisch, K. Kobuch, T. L. Jackson, W. Baumler, R.-M. Szeimies, V.-P. Gabel, and J. Hillenkamp Safety Testing of Indocyanine Green in an Ex Vivo Porcine Retina Model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2006; 47(11): 4998 - 5003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Goldstein, E. Zemel, A. Loewenstein, and I. Perlman Retinal Toxicity of Indocyanine Green in Albino Rabbits Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2006; 47(5): 2100 - 2107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Ikagawa, M. Yoneda, M. Iwaki, Z. Isogai, K. Tsujii, R. Yamazaki, T. Kamiya, and M. Zako Chemical Toxicity of Indocyanine Green Damages Retinal Pigment Epithelium Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2005; 46(7): 2531 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Sebag Let green lead not astray Br. J. Ophthalmol., July 1, 2005; 89(7): 790 - 792. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Haritoglou, S. Priglinger, A. Gandorfer, U. Welge-Lussen, and A. Kampik Histology of the Vitreoretinal Interface after Indocyanine Green Staining of the ILM, with Illumination Using a Halogen and Xenon Light Source Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2005; 46(4): 1468 - 1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T L Jackson Indocyanine green accused Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 2005; 89(4): 395 - 396. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Hillenkamp, P Saikia, F Gora, H G Sachs, C P Lohmann, J Roider, W Baumler, and V-P Gabel Macular function and morphology after peeling of idiopathic epiretinal membrane with and without the assistance of indocyanine green Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 2005; 89(4): 437 - 443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Grisanti, P Szurman, O Tatar, F Gelisken, S Aisenbrey, J Oficjalska-Mlynczak, R Kaczmarek, and K U Bartz-Schmidt Histopathological analysis in experimental macular surgery with trypan blue Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2004; 88(9): 1206 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

eLetters: