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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2004;45:560-566.)
© 2004 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.02-1268
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Electrophysiological Studies of the Feasibility of Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation for Artificial Vision in Normal and RCS Rats

Hiroyuki Kanda,1,2,3 Takeshi Morimoto,1,2,4 Takashi Fujikado,2,4 Yasuo Tano,4 Yutaka Fukuda,1 and Hajime Sawai1

1From the Departments of Physiology and Biosignaling, 2Visual Science, and 4Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; and 3Nidek Co., Ltd., Gamagouri, Japan.

PURPOSE. Assessment of a novel method of retinal stimulation, known as suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation (STS), which was designed to minimize insult to the retina by implantation of stimulating electrodes for artificial vision.

METHODS. In 17 normal hooded rats and 12 Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, a small area of the retina was focally stimulated with electric currents through an anode placed on the fenestrated sclera and a cathode inserted into the vitreous chamber. Evoked potentials (EPs) in response to STS were recorded from the surface of the superior colliculus (SC) with a silver-ball electrode, and their physiological properties and localization were studied.

RESULTS. In both normal and RCS rats, STS elicited triphasic EPs that were vastly diminished by changing polarity of stimulating electrodes and abolished by transecting the optic nerve. The threshold intensity (C) of the EP response to STS was approximately 7.2 ± 2.8 nC in normal and 12.9 ± 7.7 nC in RCS rats. The responses to minimal STS were localized in an area on the SC surface measuring 0.12 ± 0.07 mm2 in normal rats and 0.24 ± 0.12 mm2 in RCS rats. The responsive area corresponded retinotopically to the retinal region immediately beneath the anodic stimulating electrode.

CONCLUSIONS. STS is less invasive in the retina than stimulation through epiretinal or subretinal implants. STS can generate focal excitation in retinal ganglion cells in normal animals and in those with degenerated photoreceptors, which suggests that this method of retinal stimulation is suitable for artificial vision.




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Y. Okawa, T. Fujikado, T. Miyoshi, H. Sawai, S. Kusaka, T. Mihashi, Y. Hirohara, and Y. Tano
Optical Imaging to Evaluate Retinal Activation by Electrical Currents Using Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 4777 - 4784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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