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Ocular Biometry and Refraction in Mongolian Adults

¹From Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the ²Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; the ³Department of Ophthalmology, National Medical University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; the ⁴Department of Ophthalmology, Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark; and the ⁵Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Science, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.

OBJECTIVE. To describe the variation in ocular biometry and its association with refraction in adult Mongolians.

METHODS. The study included 1800 subjects, aged 40 years or more, who were selected in two Mongolian provinces—Hövsgöl and Ömnögobi—to participate in this population survey. Axial length (AL) and its components, as well as noncycloplegic autorefraction and corneal power (CP), were measured.

RESULTS. Of those selected, 1617 subjects (90.0%) were examined. Mean ± SD of AL was 23.13 ± 1.15 mm. There was a very small but significant increase in mean AL with age (0.05 mm per decade, P = 0.03). Autorefraction was performed on 620 of 675 subjects of those examined in Ömnögobi. The age and gender standardized prevalences of myopia (< -0.5 D), emmetropia, hyperopia (>+0.5 D), astigmatism (<-0.5 D of cylinder) and anisometropia (>1.0 D difference between eyes) were 17.2%, 49.9%, 32.9%, 40.9%, and 10.7%, respectively. Prevalence of myopia showed no clear trend with increasing age, whereas hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia all increased monotonically. Multiple regression models revealed that AL (P < 0.001) and VCD (P < 0.001) were the strongest determinants of refractive error.

CONCLUSIONS. In this cross-sectional study of adult Mongolians, a much lower prevalence of myopia was found than in other East Asian populations studied to date. The mean AL differed little between age groups, in marked contrast to data on Chinese people.

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