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Central and Peripheral Visual Interactions in Disparity-Induced Vergence Eye Movements: I. Spatial Interaction

¹From the Divisions of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, and ³Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; the ²Core Research for Evolutional Research and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Saitama, Japan; and the ⁴Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.

PURPOSE. To evaluate the interaction between central and peripheral disparities in the initiation of vergence eye movements.

METHODS. Eye movements were recorded in eight normal subjects using an infrared limbus tracker. Three-dimensional visual stimuli were back projected onto a tangent screen by using two liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors through crossed polarizers. The central target was a vertical bar, which always jumped from 2 to 1 m. The peripheral target was a random-dot pattern that jumped from 2 to 0.75, 1, or 1.5 m (near planes), 2 m (no change), or 3 m (far plane) simultaneously with the central target jump. Latency, amplitude at 150 ms, and average amplitude over 1 to 2 seconds after vergence onset; peak velocity; and the main-sequence relationship of the initial vergence response were calculated. How far the central target appeared to jump was scored subjectively.

RESULTS. In half of the subjects, there was a clear effect of the peripheral disparity on the dynamics of the vergence response to the central disparity. The amplitude of vergence at 150 ms, as an index of open-loop gain, was significantly greater when the peripheral target moved closer, but steady state amplitude (average during 1–2 seconds) did not change, and the vergence latency was significantly greater when the peripheral target jumped away. There was no obvious relationship between the perceived amount of movement of the central target and the parameters of the dynamic properties of the vergence response.

CONCLUSIONS. Peripheral disparity can modulate the dynamics of the initial vergence response to a central disparity and is probably independent of the perception of motion in depth.