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Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Cyclooxygenase-2–Deficient Mice

From the Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

PURPOSE. Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a model that mimics human acute anterior uveitis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an enzyme that initiates the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs), whereas 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) generates leukotrienes (LT). The purpose of this study was to delineate the role of COX-2 in acute ocular inflammation.

METHODS. EIU was induced in wild-type (WT), heterozygotic (COX-2^+/–) and COX-2 null (COX-2^–/–) mice by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Other mice were coinjected with LPS and IFN. Ocular histology, serum cytokines, and AA products determined by ELISA, and relevant ocular messengers determined by RT-PCR were compared among the different groups.

RESULTS. Histology showed that the EIU score was significantly enhanced in COX-2^–/– mice in comparison to WT and COX-2^+/–. PGE₂ was increased in WT and COX-2^+/– EIU but not in COX-2^–/– EIU. LTB₄ in serum and ocular 5-LO transcripts were increased in COX-2^–/– EIU mice in comparison with WT and COX-2^+/– EIU mice. IL-6 increased, whereas IFN decreased both in serum and ocular transcripts in COX-2^–/– EIU mice in comparison with WT and COX-2^+/–. Furthermore, EIU was suppressed in mice treated with recombinant IFN, as shown by the decreased EIU scores, the presence of serum LTB₄ and IL-6 and ocular 5-LO and IL-6 mRNA, and the increases in serum IFN and ocular IFN, particularly in COX-2^–/– mice.

CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that disturbance of the AA pathway exacerbates EIU in COX-2–deficient mice. IFN moderately reverses this exacerbation and protects against EIU.

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