HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (20) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by O’Brien, K. M. B. Articles by Hendrickson, A. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by O’Brien, K. M. B. Articles by Hendrickson, A. E.

Expression of Photoreceptor-Specific Nuclear Receptor NR2E3 in Rod Photoreceptors of Fetal Human Retina

¹From the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Neuroanatomy Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ²Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Aukland, Aukland, New Zealand; ³Program in Neuroscience, Departments of ⁴Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and ⁵Human Genetics, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and the Departments of ⁶Biological Structure and ⁷Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

PURPOSE. To study the physiological function of NR2E3 and possible molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced short-wavelength cone syndrome (ESCS) pathogenesis in developing human retina, and to compare its expression to that of Neural Retina Leucine zipper (NRL), a transcription factor essential for rod differentiation.

METHODS. Expression of NR2E3, a photoreceptor-specific orphan nuclear receptor, was examined in human retinas between fetal weeks (Fwk) 9 to 22 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Both NR2E3 and NRL expression patterns were followed by immunocytochemistry. The human retina develops in a central to peripheral pattern, in which a protein may take weeks to be expressed throughout the entire retina. This allowed a detailed temporal analysis of NR2E3 and NRL expression.

RESULTS. NR2E3 expression was detected shortly after the appearance of NRL in putative immature rods on the foveal edge at Fwk 11.7. Expression of both markers was maintained in rod opsin expressing fetal photoreceptors. NR2E3 expression was not detected in either long/medium- or short-wavelength cones. Its absence from cones was also supported by the position of labeled nuclei deep in the outer nuclear layer, and by the absence of NR2E3 from the fovea.

CONCLUSIONS. A role for NR2E3 in the rod developmental pathway is suggested. The closely related expression patterns of NRL and NR2E3 supported an interactive function, where both transcription factors determine the rod fate and suppress immature rods from adopting the S-cone fate.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Audo, M. Michaelides, A. G. Robson, M. Hawlina, V. Vaclavik, J. M. Sandbach, M. M. Neveu, C. R. Hogg, D. M. Hunt, A. T. Moore, et al. Phenotypic Variation in Enhanced S-cone Syndrome Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 2082 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V Vaclavik, C Chakarova, S S Bhattacharya, A G Robson, G E Holder, A C Bird, and A R Webster Bilateral giant macular schisis in a patient with enhanced S-cone syndrome from a family showing pseudo-dominant inheritance Br. J. Ophthalmol., February 1, 2008; 92(2): 299 - 300. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Cheng, K. J. Gan, and I. N. Flamarique The Ultraviolet Opsin Is the First Opsin Expressed during Retinal Development of Salmonid Fishes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2007; 48(2): 866 - 873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Benoit, A. Cooney, V. Giguere, H. Ingraham, M. Lazar, G. Muscat, T. Perlmann, J.-P. Renaud, J. Schwabe, F. Sladek, et al. International Union of Pharmacology. LXVI. Orphan Nuclear Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 58(4): 798 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Cheng, T. S. Aleman, A. V. Cideciyan, R. Khanna, S. G. Jacobson, and A. Swaroop In vivo function of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 in establishing photoreceptor identity during mammalian retinal development Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 2006; 15(17): 2588 - 2602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Roberts, A. Hendrickson, C. R. McGuire, and T. A. Reh Retinoid X Receptor {gamma} Is Necessary to Establish the S-opsin Gradient in Cone Photoreceptors of the Developing Mouse Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2005; 46(8): 2897 - 2904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G.-H. Peng, O. Ahmad, F. Ahmad, J. Liu, and S. Chen The photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 interacts with Crx and exerts opposing effects on the transcription of rod versus cone genes Hum. Mol. Genet., March 15, 2005; 14(6): 747 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chen, A. Rattner, and J. Nathans The Rod Photoreceptor-Specific Nuclear Receptor Nr2e3 Represses Transcription of Multiple Cone-Specific Genes J. Neurosci., January 5, 2005; 25(1): 118 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Nishiguchi, J. S. Friedman, M. A. Sandberg, A. Swaroop, E. L. Berson, and T. P. Dryja Recessive NRL mutations in patients with clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration and relative preservation of blue cone function PNAS, December 21, 2004; 101(51): 17819 - 17824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]