| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the 2Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the 3Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the 4Departments of Medicine and 5Epidemiology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; the 6Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and the 7Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
PURPOSE. To examine the cross-sectional relationship of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and dyslipidemia) and retinal microvascular abnormalities in middle-aged men and women.
METHODS. A population-based, cross-sectional study involving 11,265 persons aged 49 to 73 years who had retinal photography from 1993 through 1995. Photographs were graded for presence of retinal microvascular signs (microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, arteriovenous nicking, and focal arteriolar narrowing) according to a standardized protocol. To quantify retinal vessel diameters, photographs were digitized and individual arteriolar and venular diameters were measured and summarized. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel.
RESULTS. After adjustment for age, gender, race, education, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, persons with the metabolic syndrome were more likely to have retinopathy (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45–1.96), arteriovenous nicking (OR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.16–1.45), focal arteriolar narrowing (OR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.10–1.38), generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing (OR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.12–1.35), and generalized retinal venular dilatation (OR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.18–1.48) than persons without the metabolic syndrome. Associations for arteriovenous nicking, focal arteriolar narrowing, generalized arteriolar narrowing, and venular dilatation were noted, even in people without diabetes or hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that the metabolic syndrome is associated with microvascular changes in the retina. This finding reflects, in part, the associations of individual syndrome components with retinal microvascular abnormalities.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Qiu, M. F. Cotch, S. Sigurdsson, M. Garcia, R. Klein, F. Jonasson, B. E.K. Klein, G. Eiriksdottir, T. B. Harris, M. A. van Buchem, et al. Retinal and Cerebral Microvascular Signs and Diabetes: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study Diabetes, June 1, 2008; 57(6): 1645 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Rochtchina, J. J. Wang, B. Taylor, T. Y. Wong, and P. Mitchell Ethnic Variability in Retinal Vessel Caliber: A Potential Source of Measurement Error from Ocular Pigmentation?--The Sydney Childhood Eye Study Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2008; 49(4): 1362 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, A. R. Sharrett, F.M. A. Islam, R. Klein, B. E.K. Klein, M. F. Cotch, and T. Y. Wong Relationship of Retinal Vascular Caliber With Diabetes and Retinopathy: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Diabetes Care, March 1, 2008; 31(3): 544 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Kawasaki, J M Tielsch, J J Wang, T Y Wong, P Mitchell, Y Tano, M Tominaga, T Oizumi, M Daimon, T Kato, et al. The metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs in a Japanese population: the Funagata study Br. J. Ophthalmol., February 1, 2008; 92(2): 161 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kifley, G. Liew, J. J. Wang, S. Kaushik, W. Smith, T. Y. Wong, and P. Mitchell Long-term Effects of Smoking on Retinal Microvascular Caliber Am. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2007; 166(11): 1288 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, and T. Y. Wong Retinal Vascular Changes in Pre-Diabetes and Prehypertension: New findings and their research and clinical implications Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2708 - 2715. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Chao, M.-Y. Lai, S. P. Azen, R. Klein, R. Varma, and the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group Retinopathy in Persons without Diabetes: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 4019 - 4025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Wang, G. Liew, R. Klein, E. Rochtchina, M. D. Knudtson, B. E.K. Klein, T. Y. Wong, G. Burlutsky, and P. Mitchell Retinal vessel diameter and cardiovascular mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2007; 28(16): 1984 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Cheung, F. M. A. Islam, S. M. Saw, A. Shankar, K. de Haseth, P. Mitchell, and T. Y. Wong Distribution and Associations of Retinal Vascular Caliber with Ethnicity, Gender, and Birth Parameters in Young Children Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2007; 48(3): 1018 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Liew, A. R. Sharrett, R. Kronmal, R. Klein, T. Y. Wong, P. Mitchell, A. Kifley, and J. J. Wang Measurement of Retinal Vascular Caliber: Issues and Alternatives to Using the Arteriole to Venule Ratio Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2007; 48(1): 52 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Y. Wong, F. M. A. Islam, R. Klein, B. E. K. Klein, M. F. Cotch, C. Castro, A. R. Sharrett, and E. Shahar Retinal Vascular Caliber, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Inflammation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2006; 47(6): 2341 - 2350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Guan, C. Hudson, T. Wong, M. Kisilevsky, R. K. Nrusimhadevara, W. C. Lam, M. Mandelcorn, R. G. Devenyi, and J. G. Flanagan Retinal Hemodynamics in Early Diabetic Macular Edema Diabetes, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 813 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Y Wong, Q Mohamed, R Klein, and D J Couper Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes? Br. J. Ophthalmol., March 1, 2006; 90(3): 301 - 303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Leske, S.-Y. Wu, A. Hennis, B. Nemesure, A. P. Schachat, L. Hyman, L. Yang, and for the Barbados Eye Study Group Nine-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy in the barbados eye studies. Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 2006; 124(2): 250 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Klein, B. E. K. Klein, M. D. Knudtson, T. Y. Wong, and M. Y. Tsai Are Inflammatory Factors Related to Retinal Vessel Caliber?: The Beaver Dam Eye Study Arch Ophthalmol, January 1, 2006; 124(1): 87 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Grosso, F Veglio, M Porta, F M Grignolo, and T Y Wong Hypertensive retinopathy revisited: some answers, more questions Br. J. Ophthalmol., December 1, 2005; 89(12): 1646 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Y. Wong and R. McIntosh Hypertensive retinopathy signs as risk indicators of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality Br. Med. Bull., September 7, 2005; 73-74(1): 57 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
