IOVS AJP: Renal Physiology
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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2005;46:4107-4113.)
© 2005 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.05-0178
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Color Visual Evoked Potentials in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Relationship to Metabolic Control

Yesmino T. Elia,1,2 Denis Daneman,2,3,4 Joanne Rovet,2,4,5,6 Mohamed Abdolell,7 Wai-Ching Lam,1 Christine Till,5,6 Vasudha Erraguntla,1 Shehla Rubab,1 Nidhi Lodha,1,2 and Carol A. Westall1,2,6

1From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and 5Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the 3Division of Endocrinology and the 6Brain and Behavior Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the 2Institute of Medical Sciences, and the 4Departments of Pediatrics and 7Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

PURPOSE. To examine the association between metabolic control (HbA1c) and the chromatic mechanisms of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), by using the color visual evoked potential (VEP).

METHODS. Fifty children with T1D (age range, 6–12.9 years) and 33 age-matched control subjects were tested. VEPs were recorded by placing five electrodes on the scalp according to the International 10/20 System of Electrode Placement. Active electrodes O1, O2, and Oz were placed over the visual cortex. Short-wavelength (S), and long- and medium-wavelength (LM) color stimuli consisted of vertical, photometric isoluminant (1 cyc/deg) gratings presented in a pattern onset (100 ms)–offset (400 ms) mode. Achromatic vertical gratings were presented at 3 cyc/deg. Primary outcome measure was VEP latency. The relationship between S, LM, and achromatic VEP latency, and HbA1c was determined by ANCOVA regression.

RESULTS. S-, LM-, achromatic VEP latencies were not associated significantly with HbA1c. Pubertal status, however, was associated significantly (P = 0.0114) and selectively with S-VEP latency. Pubertal children with T1D had delayed (mean delay, 9.5 ms) S-VEP latencies when compared with the prepubertal children with T1D. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.1573) in the effect of pubertal status on S-VEP latency between the T1D and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS. Pubertal status rather than HbA1c appears to affect selectively the S-VEP latency of preteen children with T1D. Further study is warranted to determine whether the delay in S-VEP latency in pubertal children with T1D changes over time and whether this change could be a predictive marker for future development of background diabetic retinopathy.






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