IOVS Journal of Neuroscience
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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2006;47:1510-1515.)
© 2006 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.05-1277
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HTLV-1 Infection of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Inhibition of Viral Infection by an Antibody to ICAM-1

Baoying Liu,1,2 Zhuqing Li,1,2 Sankaranarayana P. Mahesh,1 Shree K. Kurup,1 Chou-Zen Giam,3 and Robert B. Nussenblatt1

1From the Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

PURPOSE. To examine whether human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) could infect a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line, ARPE-19, in vitro and to investigate its regulation.

METHODS. A coculture system with ARPE-19 and irradiated cells of an HTLV-1-producing T-cell line, MT2 was used to determine the permissivity of RPE to HTLV-1 infection in vitro. The susceptibility to HTLV-1 was assessed by detection of viral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), viral mRNA transcripts with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and viral antigen by immunofluorescence staining. An HTLV-1 Tax-activated HTLV-LTR-luciferase reporter assay was developed to measure viral infection quantitatively. The ICAM-1 expression on cocultured ARPE-19 cells was detected by flow cytometry and an ICAM-1-neutralizing antibody was used to test ICAM-1’s role in the HTLV-1 infection of ARPE-19 cells. The regulation of HTLV-1 infection was investigated by culturing ARPE-19 cells with proinflammatory cytokines.

RESULTS. HTLV-1 infected ARPE-19 cells in vitro. The infection correlated with elevated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on the surface of ARPE-19 cells. ICAM-1-neutralizing antibody dramatically inhibited viral infection. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines dramatically suppressed HTLV-1 viral infection.

CONCLUSIONS. The tropism of HTLV-1 to retinal pigment epithelium could provide an explanation for the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-related ophthalmic diseases. A better understanding of specific roles of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of ophthalmic diseases may be beneficial for treatment.




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D. Focosi, M. Petrini, H. Tamaki, and M. Matsuoka
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