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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2006;47:1606-1611.)
© 2006 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.05-0702
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Intravitreal Moxifloxacin: Retinal Safety Study with Electroretinography and Histopathology in Animal Models

Hua Gao,1 Mark E. Pennesi,2 Xiaoxi Qiao,1 Mohan N. Iyer,2 Samuel M. Wu,2 Eric R. Holz,2 and William F. Mieler3

1From the Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; the 2Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and the 3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

PURPOSE. To determine whether moxifloxacin can be used safely as an intraocular antibiotic, retinal safety of intravitreal moxifloxacin was studied with electroretinography (ERG) and histopathology in animal models.

METHODS. Moxifloxacin was injected into mouse eyes at intravitreal concentrations of 5 to 500 µg/mL and into rabbit eyes at 150 µg/mL. As the control, the vehicle was injected into the fellow eyes of each animal. Four weeks after injection, ERG recordings were performed, and animal eyes were processed for histologic examination.

RESULTS. ERG studies showed no significant difference between control and moxifloxacin-injected eyes at any dose in either the mouse or rabbit model. Histologic examination revealed no retinal abnormality in mice at 5 to 100 µg/mL or in rabbits at 150 µg/mL intravitreal moxifloxacin. In mice at 500 µg/mL, occasional focal retinal necroses were observed, suggesting isolated retinal toxicity at this concentration of moxifloxacin.

CONCLUSIONS. Intravitreal moxifloxacin, up to 100 µg/mL in mice or 150 µg/mL in rabbits, caused no ERG or retinal histologic abnormality. These results indicate that moxifloxacin is a safe intravitreal antibiotic in mouse and rabbit animal models. If proven safe and efficacious by further study in humans, intravitreal injection of moxifloxacin could be considered as an alternative to currently used antibiotics in selected patients with resistance or allergy to the more traditional antibiotics.






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