IOVS Molecular Pharmacology
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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2006;47:2478-2484.)
© 2006 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.05-1311
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Horizontal Saccade Dynamics across the Human Life Span

Elizabeth L. Irving,1,2 Martin J. Steinbach,2 Linda Lillakas,1,2 Raiju J. Babu,1 and Natalie Hutchings1

1From the School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and the 2Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

PURPOSE. To investigate saccade dynamics as a function of age to determine whether they follow the pattern of development and decline predicted by Weale’s model of aging.

METHODS. One hundred ninety-five participants between the ages of 3 and 86 years made visually guided horizontal prosaccades ranging in size from 1° to 60° in response to dot stimuli. Eye movements were recorded binocularly with a video-based eye tracker, sampling at 120 Hz. Saccadic latency, accuracy, and velocity were measured and analyzed as a function of age.

RESULTS. Mean saccadic latency decreased from 439 ms at 3 years to 172 ms at 14 years, followed by a period of relative stability to age 50 and finally, gradually increased to 264 ms at ≥80 years. For saccadic accuracy (amplitude gain), there was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) interaction between saccade size and age. Participants made increasingly hypometric saccades as age and saccade size increased. Average age group saccadic asymptotic peak velocity (Vmax) increased during childhood from 446 deg/s at age 3, to a peak of 610 deg/s at 14 years and then gradually declined with age to approximately 345 deg/s for participants ≥80 years.

CONCLUSIONS. Age affected saccadic latency, accuracy, and velocity. For each parameter there was a different pattern of development and decline probably related to the way in which the portion of the brain that controls each function develops and ages.




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