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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2007;48:1504-1510.)
© 2007 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.05-1634
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The {alpha}1- and ß1-Adrenergic Modulation of Lacrimal Gland Function in the Mouse

Chuanqing Ding,1 Benjamin Walcott,2,3 and Kent T. Keyser4

1From the Department of Cell and Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; the 2Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York; the 3Vision Science Centre RSBS, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; and the 4Vision Science Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

PURPOSE. To determine the expression patterns of {alpha}1- and ß1-adrenergic receptors in the mouse exorbital lacrimal gland (LG). An {alpha}- and ß-receptor agonist and antagonist were used to elucidate the receptors’ relevance to protein secretion.

METHODS. Mouse LGs were processed for single- and double-labeled indirect immunofluorescence studies and examined with confocal scanning microscopy. Protein secretion was measured from gland fragments in response to adrenergic agonists.

RESULTS. Extensive {alpha}1-immunoreactivity (IR) was found on the surface and cytoplasm of acinar cells and much more {alpha}1-IR in the interstitial areas. In contrast, more ß1-IR was found in the LG, and most ß1-IR appeared to concentrate in the cytoplasm of acinar cells, with almost no ß1-IR in the interstitial areas. The protein secretion in response to phenylephrine and isoproterenol showed that direct stimulation of either the {alpha}1- or ß1-receptor could induce significant protein secretion from LGs. The specificity of this stimulation was further indicated by the effects of adrenergic antagonists. No synergism was observed between {alpha}1- and ß-receptor-mediated protein secretions.

CONCLUSIONS. The results support the notion that there is extensive adrenergic control in the mouse LG. The adrenergic receptors may be a better choice of markers, compared with tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine ß-hydroxylase, to reflect the extent of adrenergic control because circulating norepinephrine in the bloodstream should be taken into consideration. Both confocal microscopy observations and protein secretion data suggest the presence of {alpha}1- and ß1-mediated pathways in the mouse LG.






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