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Expression of Th-1 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors on the Ocular Surface of C57BL/6 Mice: Effects of Desiccating Stress

¹From the Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; the ²Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; and the ³Peking University Eye Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of desiccating ocular surface stress on the expression of chemokines and their receptors by the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.

METHODS. Experimental dry eye was created in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), MIP-1ß, monokine induced by interferon (MIG)-, and interferon--inducible protein (IP)-10 in the corneal epithelia and conjunctiva were measured by a multiplex immunobead assay. Expression of MIP-1; MIP-1ß; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), MIG, IP-10; monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3; eotaxin-1; CCR5; CXCR3; and CCR3 in the cornea and conjunctiva were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunostaining.

RESULTS. Desiccating stress significantly increased concentrations of MIP-1, MIP-1ß, IP-10, and MIG proteins in the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, it increased levels of MIP-1, MIP-1ß, and CCR5 transcripts in the cornea and conjunctiva and RANTES, MIG, IP-10, and CXCR3 transcripts in the conjunctiva of C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, levels of MCP-3, eotaxin-1, and CCR3 transcripts increased in both tissues of BALB/c mice. In situ immunodetection of chemokines and their receptors was similar to their pattern of gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS. Specific patterns of Th-1 and -2 chemokines and their receptors are induced in the mouse ocular surface by desiccating stress in a strain-related fashion. Desiccating stress potently stimulates the expression of Th-1 cell–attracting chemokines and chemokine receptors on the ocular surface of C57BL/6 mice.