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Bimatoprost, Prostamide Activity, and Conventional Drainage

¹From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Science and ⁶Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; the Departments of ²Biological Sciences and ⁴Chemical Sciences, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California; the ³Department of Chemistry, Selcia, Ltd., Ongar, United Kingdom; and ⁵Covance, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.

PURPOSE. Despite structural similarity with prostaglandin F₂, the ocular hypotensive agent bimatoprost (Lumigan; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) shows unique pharmacology in vitro and functional activity in vivo. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms that underlie bimatoprost's distinctive impact on aqueous humor dynamics are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bimatoprost and a novel prostamide-selective antagonist AGN 211334 on human conventional drainage.

METHODS. Two model systems were used to test the consequences of bimatoprost and/or AGN 211334 treatment on conventional drainage. Human anterior segments in organ culture were perfused at a constant flow rate of 2.5 µL/min while pressure was recorded continuously. After stable baseline facilities were established, segments were treated with drug(s), and pressure was monitored for an additional 3 days. In parallel, the drugs' effects on hydraulic conductivity of human trabecular meshwork (TM) cell monolayers were evaluated. Pharmacological properties of AGN 211334 were characterized in isolated feline iris preparations in organ culture and heterologously expressed G-protein-coupled receptors were examined in vitro.

RESULTS. Bimatoprost increased outflow facility by an average of 40% ± 10% within 48 hours of treatment (n = 10, P < 0.001). Preincubation or coincubation with AGN 211334 significantly blunted bimatoprost's effects by 95% or 43%, respectively. Similar results were obtained in cell culture experiments in which bimatoprost increased hydraulic conductivity of TM cell monolayers by 78% ± 25%. Pretreatment with AGN 211334 completely blocked bimatoprost's effects, while coincubation decreased its effects on average by 74%. In both models, AGN 211334 alone significantly decreased fluid flux across trabecular tissues and cells.

CONCLUSIONS. The findings indicate that bimatoprost interacts with a prostamide receptor in the trabecular meshwork to increase outflow facility.

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