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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:230-237.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.07-0854
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How the Brain Obeys Hering’s Law: A TMS Study of the Posterior Parietal Cortex

Marine Vernet,1,2,3 Qing Yang,1,3 Gintautas Daunys,1,4 Christophe Orssaud,1,5 Thomas Eggert,1,6 and Zoï Kapoula1,3

1From the IRIS Group, CNRS–Collège de France, Paris, France; 2University of Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France; 4Department of Radioengineering, Siauliai University, Siauliai, Lithuania; 5Service Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; and 6Departement of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.

PURPOSE. Human ocular saccades are not perfectly yoked; the origin of this disconjugacy (muscular versus central) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to test a cortical influence on the binocular coordination of saccades.

METHODS. The authors used a gap paradigm to elicit vertical or horizontal saccades of 10°, randomly interleaved; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied on the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) 100 ms after the target onset.

RESULTS. TMS of the left or right PPC increased (i) the misalignment of the eyes during the presaccadic fixation period; (ii) the size difference between the saccades of the eyes, called disconjugacy; the increase of disconjugacy was significant for rightward and downward saccades after TMS of the right PPC and for downward saccades after TMS of the left PPC.

CONCLUSIONS. The authors conclude that the PPC is actively involved in maintaining eye alignment during fixation and in the control of binocular coordination of saccades.






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