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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1887 on June 14, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:4578-4589.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.08-1887
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Expression of CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 in Neurons and Glial Cells of the Human and Rabbit Retina

Iwona Goczalik,1,2 Elke Ulbricht,1 Margrit Hollborn,3 Maik Raap,1 Susann Uhlmann,3 Michael Weick,1 Thomas Pannicke,1 Peter Wiedemann,3 Andreas Bringmann,3 Andreas Reichenbach,1 and Mike Francke1

1From the Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, the 2Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research at the Faculty of Medicine and the 3Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

PURPOSE. Several eye diseases are accompanied by inflammatory processes. The authors examined the expression of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL8 and the corresponding receptors in healthy human retinas, in cellular membranes from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or human glial cell cultures and in an animal model of PVR in rabbit eyes.

METHODS. The authors used immunohistochemical methods, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and real time RT-PCR to characterize the expression of CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 in human and rabbit retinas. Functionality of the receptors in cultured glial cells was tested by Ca2+ imaging.

RESULTS. Immunohistochemical examinations of normal human and rabbit retinas revealed a distinct expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in several neuronal cell types. CXCL8 mRNA was demonstrated only by RT-PCR in normal retinas, and receptor expression was confirmed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The presence of CXCR1 and CXCR2, but not CXCL8, was detected by immunostaining in glial fibrillary acidic protein–positive glial cells of cellular PVR membranes. Immunoreactivity for CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 was observed in virtually all cultured glial cells and in the human Müller cell line MIO-M1. Müller cells responded to the application of CXCL8 with increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. In PVR rabbit retinas, CXCR1 expression is increased in Müller cells, and CXCL8 and CXCR2 are strongly expressed in microglial cells.

CONCLUSIONS. Expression of CXCL8 and CXCL8 receptors in glial cells of human PVR membranes and rabbit PVR retinas suggests an involvement in glial reactivity. Furthermore, the prominent expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in neurons of the healthy human and rabbit retina suggests additional physiological functions.






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