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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1721 on August 8, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:5222-5229.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.08-1721
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The Normal Human Choroid Is Endowed with a Significant Number of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronate Receptor 1 (LYVE-1)–Positive Macrophages

Falk Schroedl,1 Axel Brehmer,1 Winfried L. Neuhuber,1 Friedrich E. Kruse,2 C. Albrecht May,3 and Claus Cursiefen2

1From the Departments of Anatomy I and 2Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and the 3Department of Anatomy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

PURPOSE. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor (LYVE-1) is a newly discovered lymphatic endothelium-specific marker that is also expressed by a subpopulation of macrophages. To date, there is no report on its expression in the posterior human uvea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of LYVE-1 in normal human choroids.

METHODS. Eyes of body/cornea donors (55–89 years of age; 4–9 hours postmortem) were obtained. Choroids were dissected and prepared for cryosections followed by immunohistochemistry with anti-human LYVE-1 antiserum and immunogold labeling. In addition, anti-human antibodies against macrophage markers (CD68, MHC class II) and lymphatic (podoplanin) and blood vascular endothelium (CD31, vWF) were used. For documentation, light-, fluorescence-, confocal laser scanning-, and electron-microscopy were used.

RESULTS. The normal human choroidal stroma contained 274 ± 86 LYVE-1 positive cells/mm2. The cells displayed irregular shapes with a relatively uniform diameter of 32 µm. Costaining with CD68 and negativity for CD31, podoplanin, and melan-A/HMB45, as well as electron microscopic features, suggest these LYVE-1+ cells to be macrophages. Besides that, no classic LYVE-1+/podoplanin+ lymphatic vessels were detected within the normal adult human choroid.

CONCLUSIONS. The normal adult human choroid does not contain typical lymph vessels, but is endowed with a significant number of LYVE-1 positive macrophages. These cells may be involved in choroidal hyaluronic acid metabolism or contribute to temporary formation of lymphatic channels under inflammatory conditions.




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