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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:1350-1355.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.07-1146
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Heritability of Optic Disc and Cup Measured by the Heidelberg Retinal Tomography in Chinese: The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study

Mingguang He,1,2 Bin Liu,1 Wenyong Huang,1 Jian Zhang,1 Qiuxia Yin,1 Yingfeng Zheng,1 Dandan Wang,1 and Jian Ge1

1From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and the 2UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.

PURPOSE. To assess the heritability of disc area (DA), cup area (CA), and cup–disc area ratio (CDAR) as intermediate phenotypes for glaucoma in Chinese subjects in a classic twin study.

METHODS. Twins (n = 1160) aged 7 to 15 years were identified in the Guangzhou Twin Registry. Optic disc parameters were measured with a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) by the same examiner and grader. Zygosity was confirmed by genotyping with 16 polymorphic markers in all same-sex twin pairs. The DA, CA, and CDAR of the right eyes were chosen as the traits of interest in the analysis. Heritability was assessed by structural variance component genetic modeling, with Mx quantitative genetic modeling software, after adjustment for age and gender.

RESULTS. Of those recruited, 1114 twins were identified in the analysis, including 355 monozygotic (MZ) and 202 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.79 for DA, 0.83 for CA, and 0.80 for CDAR in MZ pairs and 0.30, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, in DZ pairs. The age- and sex-adjusted variance component model identified additive genetic and unshared environmental effects (AE model) being best fit for DA, CA, and CDAR. This best-fitting model yielded 77.3% additive genetic (95%CI: 73.0%–80.8%) and 22.7% unshared environment (95% CI: 19.2%–27.0%) for DA, 82.7% (95% CI:79.4%–85.5%) and 17.3% (95% CI: 14.5%–20.6%) for CA, 78.6% (95% CI: 74.5%–82.0%) and 21.4% (95% CI: 18.0%–25.4%) for CDAR.

CONCLUSIONS. The variance of optic nerve head parameters (DA, CA, and CDAR) appears to be attributable to additive genetic and unshared environmental effects. Approximately 80% of these phenotypic variances are genetically determined.






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