IOVS Journal of Cell Biology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1375 on January 25, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:1872-1878.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.07-1375
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
iovs.07-1375v1
49/5/1872    most recent
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Richards, M.
Right arrow Articles by Tychsen, L.
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Richards, M.
Right arrow Articles by Tychsen, L.

Duration of Binocular Decorrelation Predicts the Severity of Latent (Fusion Maldevelopment) Nystagmus in Strabismic Macaque Monkeys

Michael Richards,1 Agnes Wong,1,2 Paul Foeller,2 Dolores Bradley,3 and Lawrence Tychsen2,4

1From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the 2Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and 4Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and the 3Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia.

PURPOSE. Infantile esotropia is linked strongly to latent fixation nystagmus (LN) in human infants, but many features of this comorbidity are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how the duration of early-onset strabismus (or timeliness of repair) affects the prevalence of LN in a primate model.

METHODS. Optical strabismus was created in infant macaques by fitting them with prism goggles on day 1 of life. The goggles were removed after 3 (n = 2), 12 (n = 1) or 24 weeks (n = 3), emulating surgical repair of strabismus in humans at 3, 12, and 24 months of age, respectively. Eye movements were recorded by using binocular search coils.

RESULTS. Each animal in the 12- and 24-week groups exhibited LN and manifest LN, normal spatial vision (no amblyopia), and constant esotropia. The 3-week duration monkeys had stable fixation (no LN) and normal alignment indistinguishable from control animals. In affected monkeys, the longer the duration of binocular decorrelation, the greater the LN: mean slow-phase eye velocity (SPEV) in the 24-week animals was three times greater than that in the 12-week monkey (P = 0.03); mean LN intensity in the 24-week monkeys was three times greater than that in the 12-week monkey (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS. Binocular decorrelation in primates during an early period of fusion development causes permanent gaze instability when the duration exceeds the equivalent of 3 months in humans. These findings support the conclusion that early correction of infantile strabismus promotes normal development of cerebral gaze-holding pathways.






HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2008 by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology