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Optical Power of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

¹From the Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; the ²Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; the ³Institute for Eye Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; the ⁴School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; the ⁵Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; ⁶Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, California; the ⁷Ophthalmology Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and the ⁸Department of Ophthalmology, University of Liège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sart-Tillmann, Liège, Belgium.

PURPOSE. To characterize the age dependence of isolated human crystalline lens power and quantify the contributions of the lens surfaces and refractive index gradient.

METHODS. Experiments were performed on 100 eyes of 73 donors (average 2.8 ± 1.6 days postmortem) with an age range of 6 to 94 years. Lens power was measured with a modified commercial lensmeter or with an optical system based on the Scheiner principle. The radius of curvature and asphericity of the isolated lens surfaces were measured by shadow photography. For each lens, the contributions of the surfaces and the refractive index gradient to the measured lens power were calculated by using optical ray-tracing software. The age dependency of these refractive powers was assessed.

RESULTS. The total refractive power and surface refractive power both showed a biphasic age dependency. The total power decreased at a rate of –0.41 D/y between ages 6 and 58.1, and increased at a rate of 0.33D/y between ages 58.1 and 82. The surface contribution decreased at a rate of –0.13 D/y between ages 6 and 55.2 and increased at a rate of 0.04 D/y between ages 55.2 and 94. The relative contribution of the surfaces increased by 0.17% per year. The equivalent refractive index also showed a biphasic age dependency with a decrease at a rate of –3.9 x 10^–4 per year from ages 6 to 60.4 followed by a plateau.

CONCLUSIONS. The lens power decreases with age, due mainly to a decrease in the contribution of the gradient. The use of a constant equivalent refractive index value to calculate lens power with the lens maker formula will underestimate the power of young lenses and overestimate the power of older lenses.