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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2855 on December 5, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2009;50:1448-1453.)
© 2009 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2855
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Effects on XIAP Retinal Detachment–Induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis

Laura A. Zadro-Lamoureux,1,2 David N. Zacks,3 Adam N. Baker,1 Qiong-Duan Zheng,3 William W. Hauswirth,4 and Catherine Tsilfidis1,2

1From the Vision Science Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and 4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

PURPOSE. To evaluate the ability of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) gene therapy to provide neuroprotection to cells of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina after retinal detachment.

METHODS. Subretinal injections of a recombinant adenoassociated virus (rAAV) encoding either XIAP or green fluorescent protein (GFP; injection control) were performed in the left eye of Brown Norway rats. Two weeks later, retinal detachments were created at the site of viral injection by delivering sodium hyaluronate into the subretinal space. Retinal tissue was harvested at 24 hours after retinal detachment and was analyzed for caspase 3 and 9 activity. Histologic analysis was conducted on samples taken at 3 days and 2 months after detachment to confirm the presence of XIAP or GFP expression and to assess levels of apoptosis and changes in retinal thickness.

RESULTS. Caspase assays performed 24 hours after detachment confirmed an expected increase in caspase 3 and 9 activity in the detached regions of GFP-treated retinas, whereas XIAP-treated detached retinas behaved comparably to attached controls. TUNEL analysis of 3-day tissue samples showed fewer apoptotic cells in XIAP-treated detachments than in GFP-treated detachments. At 2 months after the detachment, histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the preservation of the ONL at sites of XIAP overexpression, whereas the GFP-treated detached retinas had significantly deteriorated.

CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest that XIAP confers structural neuroprotection of photoreceptors for at least 2 months after retinal detachment.






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