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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2918 on December 13, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2009;50:2351-2358.)
© 2009 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2918
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Retinal Ion Regulation in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Natural History and the Effect of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Overexpression

Bruce A. Berkowitz,1,2 Marius Gradianu,1 David Bissig,1 Timothy S. Kern,3 and Robin Roberts1

1From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and 2Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and the 3Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

PURPOSE. To test the hypotheses that manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) is useful in evaluating intraretinal ion dysregulation in wild-type (WT) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) overexpressor mice.

METHODS. Central intraretinal ion activity and retinal thickness were measured from high-resolution data of light- and dark-adapted WT C57BL/6 mice (to gauge MEMRI sensitivity to normal visual processing in mice) and dark-adapted diabetic and nondiabetic WT and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase overexpressor (SOD1OE) mice. Glycated hemoglobin and retinal vascular histopathology were also determined.

RESULTS. In WT mice, light adaptation reduced outer retinal manganese uptake compared with that in dark adaptation; no effect on inner retinal uptake was found. In diabetic WT mice, intraretinal manganese uptake became subnormal between 1.5 and 4 months of diabetes onset and then relatively increased. Central retinal thickness, as determined with MEMRI, decreased as a function of age in diabetic mice but remained constant in control mice. Nondiabetic SOD1OE mice had normal retinal manganese uptake but subnormal retinal thickness and supernormal acellular capillary density. At 4.2 months of diabetes, SOD1OE mice had normal manganese uptake and no further thinning; acellular capillaries frequency did not increase by 9 to 10 months of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS. In emerging diabetic retinopathy, MEMRI provided an analytic measure of an ionic dysregulatory pattern that was sensitive to SOD1 overexpression. The potential benefit of SOD1 overexpression to inhibit retinal abnormality in this model is limited by the retinal and vascular degeneration that develops independently of diabetes.




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B. Chen, S. Caballero, S. Seo, M. B. Grant, and A. S. Lewin
Delivery of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes to Protect against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Injury to Retinal Microvasculature
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2009; 50(12): 5587 - 5595.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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