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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3053 on February 21, 2009
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2009;50:3337-3345.)
© 2009 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3053
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NC-1059: A Channel-Forming Peptide That Modulates Drug Delivery across In Vitro Corneal Epithelium

Jesica Martin,1 Pradeep Malreddy,1 Takeo Iwamoto,2 Lisa C. Freeman,1 Harriet J. Davidson,3 John M. Tomich,2 and Bruce D. Schultz1

1From the Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, 2Biochemistry, and 3Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to determine whether a synthetic peptide, NC-1059, can modulate the corneal epithelium to increase the permeation of therapeutic agents across this barrier.

METHODS. An in vitro system employing transformed human corneal epithelial (THCE) cells was optimized for this study. Culture conditions were identified to promote formation of a confluent monolayer that rapidly develops a substantial transepithelial electrical resistance. Electrical parameters were measured with a modified Ussing flux chamber, and solute flux was quantified with fluorescently labeled compounds.

RESULTS. NC-1059 causes a concentration-dependent increase in short-circuit current and an increase in transepithelial electrical conductance when assessed in modified Ussing chambers. The effect of NC-1059 on transepithelial electrical resistance was reversible. To test for paracellular permeability and size exclusion, FITC-labeled dextran ranging in size from 10 to 70 kDa was used. Dextran permeated the corneal cell monolayer in the presence, but not the absence, of NC-1059. Fluorescein sodium and carboxyfluorescein were then used as low molecular weight markers with similar NC-1059–modulated kinetics being observed. Maximum permeation for the fluorescein derivatives occurred 30 to 90 minutes after a 5-minute NC-1059 exposure. A prototypical drug, methotrexate, also exhibited increased permeation in the presence of NC-1059.

CONCLUSIONS. NC-1059 enhances drug permeation across cultured corneal epithelial cell monolayers by transiently affecting the paracellular pathway. Thus, NC-1059 is a lead compound for development of cotherapeutic agents to enhance access and effectiveness of ophthalmic compounds.






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