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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4081 on August 6, 2009
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2010;51:255-263.)
© 2010 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4081
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Functional and Structural Changes in a Canine Model of Hereditary Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Sinisa D. Grozdanic,1 Helga Kecova,1 Matthew M. Harper,1 Wijitha Nilaweera,1 Markus H. Kuehn,2 and Randy H. Kardon2,3

From the 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and 3Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa.

Corresponding author: Sinisa D. Grozdanic, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011; sgrozdan{at}iastate.edu.

Purpose. To characterize functional and structural changes in a canine model of hereditary primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Methods. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated with tonometry in a colony of glaucomatous dogs at 8, 15, 18, 20, and 30 months of age. Retinal function was evaluated using electroretinography (scotopic, photopic, and pattern). Examination of anterior segment structures was performed using gonioscopy and high-frequency ultrasonography (HFU).

Results. A gradual rise in IOP was observed with an increase in age: 8 months, 14 mm Hg (median value); 15 months, 15.5 mm Hg; 18 months, 17.5 mm Hg; 20 months, 24 mm Hg; 30 months, 36 mm Hg. Provocative testing with mydriatic agents (tropicamide and atropine 1%) caused significant increases in IOP (35% and 50%, respectively). HFU analysis showed complete collapse of iridocorneal angles by 20 months of age. Scotopic and photopic ERG analysis did not reveal significant deficits, but pattern ERG analysis showed significantly reduced amplitudes in glaucomatous dogs (glaucoma, 3.5 ± 0.4 µV; control, 6.2 ± 0.3 µV; P = 0.004; Student's t-test). Histologic analysis revealed collapse of the iridocorneal angle, posterior bowing of the lamina cribrosa, swelling and loss of large retinal ganglion cells, increased glial reactivity, and increased thickening of the lamina cribrosa.

Conclusions. Canine hereditary angle-closure glaucoma is characterized by a progressive increase in intraocular pressure, loss of optic nerve function, and retinal ganglion cell loss.






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