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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3622 on September 24, 2009
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2010;51:1151-1163.)
© 2010 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3622
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Microarray Analysis Identifies Changes in Inflammatory Gene Expression in Response to Amyloid-β Stimulation of Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Khaliq H. Kurji,1,2 Jing Z. Cui,1,2 Tony Lin,1 David Harriman,1 Shiv S. Prasad,3 Ljuba Kojic,1,2 and Joanne A. Matsubara1,2

From the 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the 2Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the 3Centre for Biologics Research, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Corresponding author: Joanne A. Matsubara, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada; jms{at}interchange.ubc.ca.

Purpose. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. The hypothesis was that in vitro stimulation of RPE cells with Aβ1-40, a constituent of drusen, promotes changes in gene expression and cellular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of AMD, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis.

Methods. Confluent human RPE cells were stimulated with Aβ1-40, or the reverse peptide Aβ40-1, and genome wide changes in gene expression were studied with gene microarrays. Selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Pathway analysis with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ingenuity revealed top functional pathways in RPE after Aβ1-40 stimulation.

Results. RPE cells stimulated with Aβ1-40 (0.3 µM) for 24 hours resulted in 63 upregulated and 22 downregulated previously known genes. The upregulated genes were predominantly in inflammatory and immune response categories, but other categories were also represented, including apoptosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. Categories of downregulated genes included immune response, transporters, metabolic functions and transcription factors. ELISA confirmed that secreted levels of IL-8 were two times higher than control levels. GSEA and ingenuity analysis confirmed that the top affected pathways in RPE cells after Aβ1-40 stimulation were inflammation and immune response related. Surprisingly, few angiogenic pathways were activated at the doses and exposure times studied.

Conclusions. Aβ1-40 promotes RPE gene expression changes in pathways associated with immune response, inflammation, and cytokine and interferon signaling pathways. Results may relate to in vivo mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of AMD.






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