Clinical Trials:

Abdhish R. Bhavsar, Lisa R. Grillone, Timothy R. McNamara, James A. Gow, Alan M. Hochberg, Ronald K. Pearson for the Vitrase for Vitreous Hemorrhage Study Groups

Predicting Response of Vitreous Hemorrhage after Intravitreous Injection of Highly Purified Ovine Hyaluronidase (Vitrase) in Patients with Diabetes
2008 49: 4219-4225. First Published on April 25 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1602.
This paper describes a predictive model that physicians can use to determine the likelihood that vitreous hemorrhage will clear after off-label treatment with ovine hyaluronidase (Vitrase).
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Luciano Quaranta, Stefano Miglior, Irene Floriani, Teodoro Pizzolante, and Anastasios G. P. Konstas

Effects of the Timolol-Dorzolamide Fixed Combination and Latanoprost on Circadian Diastolic Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucoma
2008 49: 4226-4231. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1744.
In patients with POAG, timolol-dorzolamide fixed combination and latanoprost equally enhance 24-hour calculated diastolic ocular perfusion pressure: the former by counteracting the decrease in diastolic blood pressure with a substantial reduction in IOP, the latter by not affecting diastolic blood pressure and significantly reducing IOP.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anatomy and Pathology:

David S. Schultz, Jeffrey C. Lotz, Shira M. Lee, Monique L. Trinidad, and Jay M. Stewart

Structural Factors That Mediate Scleral Stiffness
2008 49: 4232-4236. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1970.
This study identifies collagen cross-links as a major determinant of scleral stiffness in humans and helps bolster a shortage of information on human scleral mechanics.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

Jeremy C. O'Connor, Deborah M. Wallace, Colm J. O'Brien, and Thomas G. Cotter

A Novel Antioxidant Function for the Tumor-Suppressor Gene p53 in the Retinal Ganglion Cell
2008 49: 4237-4244. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1963.
This study demonstrates a novel regulating influence of the tumor suppressor gene p53 on cellular antioxidant response in the retinal ganglion cell, which may have implications for the understanding of molecular mechanisms promoting survival of this cell type.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Chang Jin, Furong Yin, Mimi Lin, Hongxia Li, Zhenlian Wang, Jinsheng Weng, Mingyao Liu, Xiang Da Dong, Jia Qu, and LiLi Tu

GPR48 Regulates Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Migration by Activating EGFR during Eyelid Development
2008 49: 4245-4253. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1860.
This study demonstrates that activation of the GPR48 receptor contributes to epithelial cell proliferation and migration during eyelid development through regulation of EGFR signaling pathway.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Walter van Gils, Elisabeth M. Lodder, Hanneke W. Mensink, Emine Kiliç, Nicole C. Naus, Hennie T. Brüggenwirth, Wilfred van IJcken, Dion Paridaens, Gregorius P. Luyten, and Annelies de Klein

Gene Expression Profiling in Uveal Melanoma: Two Regions on 3p Related to Prognosis
2008 49: 4254-4262. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2033.
In uveal melanomas, a shorter disease-free survival correlated with specific chromosome 3p regions with decreased gene-expression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Tables  

Partha S. Bhattacharjee, Donna M. Neumann, Timothy P. Foster, Christian Clement, Gyanendra Singh, Hilary W. Thompson, Herbert E. Kaufman, and James M. Hill

Effective Treatment of Ocular HSK with a Human Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide in a Mouse Eye Model
2008 49: 4263-4268. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2077.
The authors report that a synthetic peptide mimicking the receptor-binding region of a human gene, apolipoprotein E, can effectively block the incidence and severity of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) in a mouse eye model.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Henrik Landgren, Åsa Blixt, and Peter Carlsson

Persistent FoxE3 Expression Blocks Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Organelle Degradation during Lens Fiber Differentiation
2008 49: 4269-4277. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2243.
Microarray analysis showed that transgenic expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxE3, normally confined to the lens epithelium in lens fiber cells, blocks several aspects of fiber differentiation, while allowing others to proceed normally.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Tables  

Ji-jing Pang, Sanford L. Boye, Ashok Kumar, Astra Dinculescu, Wentao Deng, Jie Li, Qiuhong Li, Asha Rani, Thomas C. Foster, Bo Chang, Norman L. Hawes, Jeffrey H. Boatright, and William W. Hauswirth

AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy for Retinal Degeneration in the rd10 Mouse Containing a Recessive PDEβ Mutation
2008 49: 4278-4283. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1622.
Using a new mouse model with mutation in Pde6b gene, rd10 mouse, which has slower degeneration that better emulates the slow progression of typical human autosomal recessive RP than the previously described rd1 mouse, this study demonstrates that P14 administration of AAV5-smCBA-PDEβ can prevent retinal degeneration in rd10 mice for weeks as reflected by significant structural, biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral preservation/restoration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research:

Rènée du Toit, Anna Palagyi, Jacqueline Ramke, Garry Brian, and Ecosse L. Lamoureux

Development and Validation of a Vision-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Timor-Leste
2008 49: 4284-4289. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1893.
This article validates the first vision-specific quality-of-life questionnaire designed to assess the impact of distance and near vision impairment on quality of life in adult Timorese using Rasch analysis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Farzin Forooghian, Catherine Cukras, Catherine B. Meyerle, Emily Y. Chew, and Wai T. Wong

Evaluation of Time Domain and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in the Measurement of Diabetic Macular Edema
2008 49: 4290-4296. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2113.
Comparison of the two commonly used OCT imaging devices, Stratus OCT, a time-domain device, and Cirrus OCT, a spectral-domain device, for the evaluation of diabetic macular edema revealed that the two devices generated significantly different thickness measurements as well as high overall repeatabilities that were similar. The results have implications on how OCT thickness measurements may be used in clinical studies and longitudinal clinical care of diabetic macular edema.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ning Cheung, Ronald Klein, Jie Jin Wang, Mary Frances Cotch, Amirul F. M. Islam, Barbara E. K. Klein, Mary Cushman, and Tien Yin Wong

Traditional and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
2008 49: 4297-4302. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1826.
The authors describe the relationships of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors with retinal vein occlusion in a multi-ethnic, population-based study in the United States.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yingfeng Zheng, Jian Ge, Guofu Huang, Jian Zhang, Bin Liu, Yoon-Mi Hur, and Mingguang He

Heritability of Central Corneal Thickness in Chinese: The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study
2008 49: 4303-4307. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1934.
This twin study demonstrates that the additive genetic effects contribute to nearly 90% of the variance of corneal thickness in young healthy Chinese.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Solange R. Salomão, Rafael W. Cinoto, Adriana Berezovsky, Luana Mendieta, Célia R. Nakanami, César Lipener, Emílio de Haro Muñoz, Fabio Ejzenbaum, Rubens Belfort, Jr, Gopal P. Pokharel, and Leon B. Ellwein

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Low–Middle Income School Children in São Paulo, Brazil
2008 49: 4308-4313.
This epidemiological study reports population-based data on the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in low-middle income school-age children in Brazil, which are of potential importance to school and public health authorities in improving eye care services to this population.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Takahiro Hiraoka, Chikako Okamoto, Yuko Ishii, Tetsuhiko Kakita, Fumiki Okamoto, and Tetsuro Oshika

Time Course of Changes in Ocular Higher-Order Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity after Overnight Orthokeratology
2008 49: 4314-4320. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1586.
This manuscript demonstrates that initial reduction in optical quality of the eye and quality of vision after overnight orthokeratology are stable during the treatment period of at least 1 year, and the reduction does not further worsen after one month.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michael A. Williams, Tanya N. Moutray, and A. Jonathan Jackson

Uniformity of Visual Acuity Measures in Published Studies
2008 49: 4321-4327.
The reporting of the measurement of visual acuity in clinical studies was investigated, and found in the sample of papers studied to be, in most cases, wholly inadequate: a list of details that should be given is suggested.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Son C. Huynh, Xiu Ying Wang, George Burlutsky, Elena Rochtchina, Fiona Stapleton, and Paul Mitchell

Retinal and Optic Disc Findings in Adolescence: A Population-Based OCT Study
2008 49: 4328-4335.
This study describes the normative distribution of macular, NFL, and optic disc parameters in early adolescent children, and also demonstrates minimal sex differences.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mohamed Dirani, Sri N. Shekar, and Paul N. Baird

Evidence of Shared Genes in Refraction and Axial Length: The Genes in Myopia (GEM) Twin Study
2008 49: 4336-4339. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1516.
This article outlines the relationship of myopia and axial length in terms of genetic and environmental sharing. The study findings will provide invaluable directions for future studies investigating the aetiology of myopia.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Traci E. Clemons, Mark C. Gillies, Emily Y. Chew, Alan C. Bird, Tunde Peto, Maria Figueroa, Molly W. Harrington for the MacTel Research Group

The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel) Project
2008 49: 4340-4346. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1749.
This manuscript assesses vision-targeted health-related quality of life in a large number of patients with macular telangiectasia type 2.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Praveen J. Patel, Fred K. Chen, Gary S. Rubin, and Adnan Tufail

Intersession Repeatability of Visual Acuity Scores in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2008 49: 4347-4352. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1935.
This article reports the intersession repeatability of ETDRS visual acuity scores in a large cohort of patients with AMD.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Melissa D. Bailey, Loraine T. Sinnott, and Donald O. Mutti

Ciliary Body Thickness and Refractive Error in Children
2008 49: 4353-4360. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2008.
This study confirms that myopia is associated with a thicker ciliary body in children, an association that was previously reported in adults.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cornea:

Marilyn Chwa, Shari R. Atilano, Dieter Hertzog, Hong Zheng, Jonathan Langberg, Dae W. Kim, and M. Cristina Kenney

Hypersensitive Response to Oxidative Stress in Keratoconus Corneal Fibroblasts
2008 49: 4361-4369. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1969.
This study examines the innate characteristics of cultured keratoconus fibroblasts and demonstrates that these cells have an inherent, hypersensitive response to oxidative stressors that involves mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA damage.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Tomohiko Usui, Kenji Sugisaki, Aya Iriyama, Seiichi Yokoo, Satoru Yamagami, Norihiro Nagai, Susumu Ishida, and Shiro Amano

Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Blocking the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor
2008 49: 4370-4376.
Described in this paper, RAS is involved in mice inflammatory corneal neovascularization model, and ARB shows potent anti-angiogenic activity against this model.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Marjan Farid, Naoyuki Morishige, Larry Lam, Andrew Wahlert, Roger F. Steinert, and James V. Jester

Detection of Corneal Fibrosis by Imaging Second Harmonic–Generated Signals in Rabbit Corneas Treated with Mitomycin C after Excimer Laser Surface Ablation
2008 49: 4377-4383. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1983.
Imaging of femtosecond laser–generated second-harmonic signals (SHG) provides a sensitive means for detection of corneal fibrosis following corneal injury and can be used to assess the effects of antifibrotic therapy such as topical mitomycin C.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Courtney Mayo, Ruiyi Ren, Celeste Rich, Mary Ann Stepp, and Vickery Trinkaus-Randall

Regulation by P2X₇: Epithelial Migration and Stromal Organization in the Cornea
2008 49: 4384-4391. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1688.
This is the first report describing the role of the purinergic receptor, P2X7, a ligand-gating channel in corneal epithelial repair and in stromal organization.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Driss Zoukhri, Sunghwan Ko, Paul C. Stark, and Claire L. Kublin

Roles of Caspase 1 and Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase in Inflammation-Induced Inhibition of Lacrimal Gland Protein Secretion
2008 49: 4392-4398. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1830.
The authors show that inflammation-induced inhibition of lacrimal gland secretion and decreased aqueous tear production involve the activation of caspase 1 to generate IL-1β, which in turn activates extracellular regulated kinase (ERK).
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Driss Zoukhri, Amanda Fix, Joseph Alroy, and Claire L. Kublin

Mechanisms of Murine Lacrimal Gland Repair after Experimentally Induced Inflammation
2008 49: 4399-4406. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1730.
In this work, the authors show that murine lacrimal gland is capable of repair after experimentally induced inflammation and that the repair involves mobilization of stem/progenitor cells and activation of the TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathway.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sang-Mok Lee, Mee-Kum Kim, Joo Youn Oh, Jang-Won Heo, Mi-Sun Shin, Moo-Suk Lee, Won-Ryang Wee, and Jin-Hak Lee

Endoscopic Vitrectomy Improves Outcomes of Seoul-type Keratoprosthesis Exchange in Rabbit Model
2008 49: 4407-4411.
In this rabbit study, antecedent vitrectomy using an endoscopy system lowers the occurrence of retinal detachment after the Seoul-type keratoprosthesis exchange by removing the vitreous traction near the haptics prior to the exchange procedures.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology:

Harold Merle, Stéphane Olindo, Angélique Donnio, Raymond Richer, Didier Smadja, and Philippe Cabre

Retinal Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Neuromyelitis Optica
2008 49: 4412-4417. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1815.
The authors produced measurements of the thickness of retinal peripapillary nerve fibers during optic neuropathies of NMO. The optic neuropathies of NMO are also accompanied by an acute and chronic axonal loss, as clearly illustrated by the OCT.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alison R. Davis, John J. Sloper, Magella M. Neveu, Chris R. Hogg, Michael J. Morgan, and Graham E. Holder

Differential Changes in Color and Motion-Onset Visual Evoked Potentials from Both Eyes in Early- and Late-Onset Strabismic Amblyopia
2008 49: 4418-4426. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1437.
This study demonstrates abnormalities of color and motion processing in both amblyopic and fellow eyes with adult strabismic amblyopia, the pattern of which differs with the age of onset of their squint.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Velma Dobson, Joseph M. Miller, Candice E. Clifford-Donaldson, and Erin M. Harvey

Associations between Anisometropia, Amblyopia, and Reduced Stereoacuity in a School-Aged Population with a High Prevalence of Astigmatism
2008 49: 4427-4436. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1985.
This manuscript relates magnitude of anisometropia to interocular acuity difference and stereoacuity, with a unique focus on the influence of astigmatic anisometropia and on the method used to determine magnitude of anisometropia (i.e., standard clinical notation vs. vector notation).
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Glaucoma:

Ronald S. Harwerth, Joe L. Wheat, and Nalini V. Rangaswamy

Age-Related Losses of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Axons
2008 49: 4437-4443. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1753.
This investigation of normal aging through an application of a model to derive estimates of RGC somas from perimetry measures of visual sensitivity and RGC axons from OCT measures of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness provided evidence that SAP sensitivity measurements are an accurate reflection of RGC density, without an age-dependent variable, while the translation of RNFL thickness to RGC axons required an age-dependent variable for axon density to produce an accurate estimate of the neuronal population.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Brad Fortune, Grant A. Cull, and Claude F. Burgoyne

Relative Course of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Birefringence and Thickness and Retinal Function Changes after Optic Nerve Transection
2008 49: 4444-4452. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2255.
The results of this study demonstrate that an intermediate stage of retinal ganglion cell degeneration was detectable by electroretinography and by scanning laser polarimetry before the onset of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Etsuko Shibuya, Akira Meguro, Masao Ota, Kenji Kashiwagi, Fumihiko Mabuchi, Hiroyuki Iijima, Kazuhide Kawase, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Makoto Nakamura, Akira Negi, Takeshi Sagara, Teruo Nishida, Masaru Inatani, Hidenobu Tanihara, Makoto Aihara, Makoto Araie, Takeo Fukuchi, Haruki Abe, Tomomi Higashide, Kazuhisa Sugiyama, Takashi Kanamoto, Yoshiaki Kiuchi, Aiko Iwase, Shigeaki Ohno, Hidetoshi Inoko, and Nobuhisa Mizuki

Association of Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms with Normal Tension Glaucoma
2008 49: 4453-4457. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1575.
The authors analyzed a role of the TLR4 gene polymorphisms in normal tension glaucoma and found that TLR4 polymorphisms played an important role in the development of this disease.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Immunology and Microbiology:

Zimei Zhou, Ronald P. Barrett, Sharon A. McClellan, Yunfan Zhang, Elizabeth A. Szliter, Nico van Rooijen, and Linda D. Hazlett

Substance P Delays Apoptosis, Enhancing Keratitis after Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
2008 49: 4458-4467. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1906.
This paper shows that the neuropeptide Substance P delays macrophage-regulated PMN apoptosis and enhances corneal destruction after P. aeruginosa infection.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hua He, Wei Li, Szu-Yu Chen, Shan Zhang, Ying-Ting Chen, Yasutaka Hayashida, Ying-Ting Zhu, and Scheffer C. G. Tseng

Suppression of Activation and Induction of Apoptosis in RAW264.7 Cells by Amniotic Membrane Extract
2008 49: 4468-4475. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1781.
This manuscript describes a new anti-inflammation mechanism of the human amniotic membrane extract by inducing apoptosis and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines of activated macrophages.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ling Chen, Gary N. Holland, Fei Yu, Ralph D. Levinson, Kirsten J. Lampi, Joseph Horwitz, and Lynn K. Gordon

Associations of Seroreactivity against Crystallin Proteins with Disease Activity and Cataract in Patients with Uveitis
2008 49: 4476-4481. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1971.
This study investigates the association of antibodies against specific crystalline proteins with cataract and active intraocular inflammation in patients with uveitis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Raniyah T. Ramadan, Andrea L. Moyer, and Michelle C. Callegan

A Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor- in Experimental Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis Pathogenesis
2008 49: 4482-4489. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2085.
The authors found that TNF is important to intraocular pathogen containment by PMN during experimental B. cereus endophthalmitis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lens:

Noël M. Ziebarth, David Borja, Esdras Arrieta, Mohamed Aly, Fabrice Manns, Isabelle Dortonne, Derek Nankivil, Rakhi Jain, and Jean-Marie Parel

Role of the Lens Capsule on the Mechanical Accommodative Response in a Lens Stretcher
2008 49: 4490-4496. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1647.
This study shows that the mechanical properties of the empty lens capsule assessed ex vivo in a lens stretcher remain constant with age, suggesting that the changes in elasticity of the lens capsule do not play a significant role in presbyopia.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Stefan Löfgren, M. Rohan Fernando, Kui-Yi Xing, Yin Wang, Charles A. Kuszynski, Ye-Shih Ho, and Marjorie F. Lou

Effect of Thioltransferase (Glutaredoxin) Deletion on Cellular Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation in Lens Epithelial Cells of Thioltransferase Knockout Mouse
2008 49: 4497-4505. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1404.
This paper confirms the authors’ hypothesis that thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), a protein-thiol damage repair enzyme, not only regulates cellular redox homeostasis but also shows a unique function in controlling the process for cell proliferation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Physiology and Pharmacology:

Sung Jin Lee, Esther S. Kim, Dayle H. Geroski, Bernard E. McCarey, and Henry F. Edelhauser

Pharmacokinetics of Intraocular Drug Delivery of Oregon Green 488–Labeled Triamcinolone by Subtenon Injection Using Ocular Fluorophotometry in Rabbit Eyes
2008 49: 4506-4514. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1989.
This study found that Oregon green–labeled triamcinolone is able to diffuse into the retina/choroid after a subtenon injection in vivo, which could be an alternative method for treating retinal disease.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cun-Jian Dong, Yuanxing Guo, Peter Agey, Larry Wheeler, and William A. Hare

2 Adrenergic Modulation of NMDA Receptor Function as a Major Mechanism of RGC Protection in Experimental Glaucoma and Retinal Excitotoxicity
2008 49: 4515-4522. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2078.
This study suggests a new therapeutic approach based on neuromodulation, instead of direct inhibition, of the NMDA receptor for the treatment of glaucoma and other CNS disorders associated with NMDA receptor overactivation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alexa Klettner and Johann Roider

Comparison of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, and Pegaptanib In Vitro: Efficiency and Possible Additional Pathways
2008 49: 4523-4527. First Published on April 25 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2055.
The authors show that bevacizumab and ranibizumab do not differ in their efficacy when used in clinical concentrations, but when diluted, the clinical concentration might be higher than needed. They offer an explanation as to why pegaptanib does not perform as well as ranibizumab.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ya Fatou Njie, Zhuanhong Qiao, Zhen Xiao, Wei Wang, and Zhao-Hui Song

N-arachidonylethanolamide-Induced Increase in Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility
2008 49: 4528-4534. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1537.
The authors show that endocannabinoid increases aqueous humor outflow facility.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

María Iribarne, Vanesa Torbidoni, Karina Julián, Juan P. Prestifilippo, Debasish Sinha, Valeria Rettori, Alejandro Berra, and Angela M. Suburo

Cannabinoid Receptors in Conjunctival Epithelium: Identification and Functional Properties
2008 49: 4535-4544. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1319.
This manuscript describes cannabinoid receptors in human and mouse conjunctival epithelium cells. Cannabinoid agonists decreased intracellular cAMP, increased cell growth, and blocked stress pathways activated by TNF-. Thus, cannabinoids could regulate epithelial renewal and inflammatory processes at the ocular surface.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retina:

Daniel M. de Bruin, Daina L. Burnes, John Loewenstein, Yueli Chen, Susie Chang, Teresa C. Chen, Daniel D. Esmaili, and Johannes F. de Boer

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Imaging of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Frequency Domain Imaging at 1050 nm
2008 49: 4545-4552. First Published on April 4 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1553.
High resolution 3-dimensional optical frequency domain images at 1050 nm of patients presenting with exudative age-related macular degeneration were obtained and correlated with fundus photography and fluorescein angiograms, before and after ranibizumab treatment.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Movies and Document  

Bin Li, Wei Yin, Xun Hong, Yu Shi, Hong-Sheng Wang, Shao-Fen Lin, and Shi-Bo Tang

Remodeling Retinal Neovascularization by ALK1 Gene Transfection In Vitro
2008 49: 4553-4560.
This study provides insight into the remodeling of retinal neovascularization and demonstrates a novel strategy for maintaining a stable phase of vessel formation, allowing for effective retinal neovascularization without the common adverse effects.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Riccardo Natoli, Jan Provis, Krisztina Valter, and Jonathan Stone

Expression and Role of the Early-Response Gene Oxr1 in the Hyperoxia-Challenged Mouse Retina
2008 49: 4561-4567. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1722.
This work explores the expression of retinal genes induced by sustained hyperoxia, showing evidence of a biphasic response (initially up-, then downregulation) of the neuroprotective gene Oxr1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michael A. Sandberg, Robert J. Brockhurst, Alexander R. Gaudio, and Eliot L. Berson

Visual Acuity Is Related to Parafoveal Retinal Thickness in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Macular Cysts
2008 49: 4568-4572. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1992.
Sandberg and colleagues report that parafoveal retinal thickness helps to predict visual acuity in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and cystoid macular edema.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Samuel G. Jacobson, Artur V. Cideciyan, Tomas S. Aleman, Alexander Sumaroka, Elizabeth A. M. Windsor, Sharon B. Schwartz, Elise Heon, and Edwin M. Stone

Photoreceptor Layer Topography in Children with Leber Congenital Amaurosis Caused by RPE65 Mutations
2008 49: 4573-4577. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2121.
To optimize for efficacy in gene therapy of children with the RPE65 form of Leber congenital amaurosis, Jacobson et al. determine the photoreceptor topography in candidate patients and identify target retinal regions for the subretinal injection.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Iwona Goczalik, Elke Ulbricht, Margrit Hollborn, Maik Raap, Susann Uhlmann, Michael Weick, Thomas Pannicke, Peter Wiedemann, Andreas Bringmann, Andreas Reichenbach, and Mike Francke

Expression of CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 in Neurons and Glial Cells of the Human and Rabbit Retina
2008 49: 4578-4589. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1887.
The authors demonstrate the expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in neurons and glial cells in normal and pathologically changed human and rabbit retinas.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kim Holmgaard, Christian Aalkjaer, John D. C. Lambert, and Toke Bek

N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Causes Relaxation of Porcine Retinal Arterioles through an Adenosine Receptor–Dependent Mechanism
2008 49: 4590-4594. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1890.
The glutamate NMDA receptor causes relaxation of porcine retinal arterioles through an adenosine receptor–dependent mechanism.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Naohiro Izumi, Taiji Nagaoka, Eiichi Sato, Kenji Sogawa, Hiroyuki Kagokawa, Atsushi Takahashi, Atsushi Kawahara, and Akitoshi Yoshida

Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulation of Retinal Blood Flow in Response to Hyperoxia in Cats
2008 49: 4595-4603. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1667.
The current results indicate that NO contributes to RBF recovery after hyperoxia, probably through the action of endothelial NOS via the ETB receptor in the vascular endothelium of the retinal arterioles, suggesting that the RBF response to hyperoxia may be used to evaluate the endothelial function of the retinal arterioles.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Pablo J. Franco, Diego C. Fernandez, Pablo H. Sande, María I. Keller Sarmiento, Mónica Chianelli, Daniel A. Sáenz, and Ruth E. Rosenstein

Effect of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide on Ischemic Damage in the Rat Retina
2008 49: 4604-4612. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2054.
The present report shows that bacterial lipopolysaccharide protects both retinal function and histology from ischemia/reperfusion injury in a dosedependent manner, likely through an iNOSdependent mechanism.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retinal Cell Biology:

Barry S. Winkler, Catherine A. Starnes, Brandon S. Twardy, Diane Brault, and R. Craig Taylor

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Biochemical Measurements of Glucose Utilization in the Cone-Dominant Ground Squirrel Retina
2008 49: 4613-4619. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2004.
This paper uses NMR spectroscopy to investigate metabolic properties in a cone-dominant retina and to compare these activities to those found in a rod-dominant retina.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Guangpu Shi, Arvydas Maminishkis, Tina Banzon, Stephen Jalickee, Rong Li, Jeffrey Hammer, and Sheldon S. Miller

Control of Chemokine Gradients by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
2008 49: 4620-4630. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1816.
The present experiments suggest that the retinal pigment epithelium can respond to and actively regulate inflammatory disease by increasing its polarized secretion of chemokines and the absorption of fluid from the subretinal space.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Deborah L. Stenkamp, Rosanna Satterfield, Kalyani Muhunthan, Tshering Sherpa, Thomas S. Vihtelic, and David A. Cameron

Age-Related Cone Abnormalities in Zebrafish with Genetic Lesions in Sonic Hedgehog
2008 49: 4631-4640. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1224.
The authors report that senescent zebrafish deficient in sonic hedgehog signaling show a cone abnormality phenotype.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Tatsuhiko Sato, Takashi Fujikado, Tong-Sheng Lee, and Yasuo Tano

Direct Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Induction of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Cultured Retinal Müller Cells
2008 49: 4641-4646. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2049.
Electrical stimulation may deliver endogenous BDNF from Müller cells without serious complications and promote the survival of retinal neurons.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

You-Wei Peng, Marisa Zallocchi, Daniel T. Meehan, Duane Delimont, Bo Chang, Norman Hawes, Weimin Wang, and Dominic Cosgrove

Progressive Morphological and Functional Defects in Retinas from 1 Integrin-Null Mice
2008 49: 4647-4654. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2011.
This manuscript documents structural and functional defects in retinas from integrin 1-null mice, supporting an essential role for this RPE integrin in retinal maintenance and function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Neurophysiology:

Gen Hanazono, Kazushige Tsunoda, Yoko Kazato, Kazuo Tsubota, and Manabu Tanifuji

Evaluating Neural Activity of Retinal Ganglion Cells by Flash-Evoked Intrinsic Signal Imaging in Macaque Retina
2008 49: 4655-4663. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1936.
The flash-evoked neural activity of retinal ganglion cells has been evaluated by the intrinsic signal imaging in Macaque retina.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ditta Nagy, Birgitt Schönfisch, Eberhart Zrenner, and Herbert Jägle

Long-Term Follow-up of Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients with Multifocal Electroretinography
2008 49: 4664-4671. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1360.
In retinitis pigmentosa, multifocal ERG amplitude reduction with disease progression follows an exponential decay and is correlated to other parameters of disease progression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics:

Shirin E. Hassan, Kathleen A. Turano, Beatriz Muñoz, Cynthia Munro, Karen Bandeen Roche, and Sheila K. West

Cognitive and Vision Loss Affects the Topography of the Attentional Visual Field
2008 49: 4672-4678. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1112.
The authors identified different AVF shape profiles (most participants had an asymmetric AVF shape in which the horizontal meridian was greater than the vertical meridian) and the demographic, cognitive, and visual factors associated with AVF shape.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Toco Yuen Ping Chui, HongXin Song, and Stephen A. Burns

Individual Variations in Human Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density: Variations with Refractive Error
2008 49: 4679-4687. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2135.
This paper measured the variation in human cone photoreceptor packing density across the retina both within an individual and between individuals with different refractive errors using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eloy A. Villegas, Encarna Alcón, and Pablo Artal

Optical Quality of the Eye in Subjects with Normal and Excellent Visual Acuity
2008 49: 4688-4696. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2316.
Visual acuity and the optical quality of the eye were not correlated in young subjects with either normal or excellent spatial vision. The authors demonstrated that having excellent spatial vision does not require a diffraction-limited eye’s optics.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

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