Clinical Trials:

Jeffrey J. Walline, Lisa A. Jones, Loraine Sinnott, Ruth E. Manny, Amber Gaume, Marjorie J. Rah, Monica Chitkara, Stacy Lyons on behalf of the ACHIEVE Study Group

A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Soft Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children
2008 49: 4702-4706. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2067.
Soft contact lenses do not increase the axial growth of the eye.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sanjeewa S. Wickremasinghe, Sophie L. Rogers, Mark C. Gillies, Meidong Zhu, and Tien Y. Wong

Retinal Vascular Caliber Changes after Intravitreal Triamcinolone Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema
2008 49: 4707-4711. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1678.
Intravitreal injections of triamcinolone lead to a reduction in retinal arteriolar and venular diameter in patients with diabetic macular edema.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Research Opportunities:

Henry F. Edelhauser, Jeffrey H. Boatright, John M. Nickerson, and the Third ARVO/Pfizer Research Institute Working Group

Drug Delivery to Posterior Intraocular Tissues: Third Annual ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmics Research Institute Conference
2008 49: 4712-4720. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1904. [Full Text] [PDF]  

New Developments:

Robert Folberg, ShriHari S. Kadkol, Shahar Frenkel, Klara Valyi-Nagy, Martine J. Jager, Jacob Pe'er, and Andrew J. Maniotis

Authenticating Cell Lines in Ophthalmic Research Laboratories
2008 49: 4697-4701. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2324.
In response to the crisis in maintaining the integrity of cell lines used in vision research, the authors illustrate the use of molecular techniques to authenticate uveal melanoma cell lines and propose wide-reaching standards of operation within ophthalmic research laboratories.
[Full Text] [PDF]  

Anatomy and Pathology:

Shelley A. Glimcher, David W. Holman, Martin Lubow, and Deborah M. Grzybowski

Ex Vivo Model of Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow across Human Arachnoid Granulations
2008 49: 4721-4728. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2238.
This work confirms the validity of the authors’ ex vivo human model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow, which is consistent with prior data for their in vitro model and in vivo CSF outflow. It now offers a platform for further investigation of CSF homeostatic regulation of pressure and metabolites through the arachnoid membrane, and of their roles in diseases of dysregulation which include PTC and Alzheimer’s Disease.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hiroyuki Nakashizuka, Masako Mitsumata, Shigekuni Okisaka, Hiroyuki Shimada, Akiyuki Kawamura, Ryusaburo Mori, and Mitsuko Yuzawa

Clinicopathologic Findings in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
2008 49: 4729-4737. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2134.
The authors show the pathogenic mechanism of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) based on histopathologic findings. This study suggests that hyalinization of choroidal vessels is characteristic of PCV and that arteriosclerosis is an important pathologic feature.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jean-François Mineo, Aymeric Scheffer, Céline Karkoutly, Lisa Nouvel, Olivier Kerdraon, Jacques Trauet, Anne Bordron, Jean-Paul Dessaint, Myriam Labalette, Christian Berthou, and Pierre Labalette

Using Human CD20-Transfected Murine Lymphomatous B Cells to Evaluate the Efficacy of Intravitreal and Intracerebral Rituximab Injections in Mice
2008 49: 4738-4745. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1494.
The authors have developed a new immunocompetent mice model of intraocular and intracranial lymphoma and used it to demonstrate the ability of rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) to cure the animals.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

Karunakaran Coral, Narayanasamy Angayarkanni, Jagadeesan Madhavan, Muthuvel Bharathselvi, Sivaramakrishnan Ramakrishnan, Krishnendu Nandi, Pukhraj Rishi, Nachiappan Kasinathan, and Subramanian Krishnakumar

Lysyl Oxidase Activity in the Ocular Tissues and the Role of LOX in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
2008 49: 4746-4752. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1550.
This report shows a statistically significant decrease in the specific activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a collagen cross-linking enzyme in the vitreous of RRD and PDR cases that is possibly associated with the ECM remodeling.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Seung Jin Noh, Woo Jin Jeong, Jee Hyun Rho, Dong Min Shin, Hee Bae Ahn, Woo Chan Park, Sae Heun Rho, Young Hwa Soung, Tae Hyun Kim, Bong Soo Park, and Young Hyun Yoo

Sensitization of RPE Cells by B-Crystallin siRNA to SAHA-Induced Stage 1 Apoptosis through Abolishing the Association of B-Crystallin with HDAC1 in SC35 Speckles
2008 49: 4753-4759. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2166.
This paper reveals the mechanism underlying anti-apoptotic role of B-crystallin on SC35 speckles in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Mei-Hsiu Chen, Shu-Lang Liao, Ming-Hong Chen, Pei-Ling Tsou, Mei-Ju Shih, Tien-Chun Chang, and Lee-Ming Chuang

Lysosome-Related Genes Are Regulated in the Orbital Fat of Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
2008 49: 4760-4764. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2020.
This is an array study not using single gene expression profiling but a more powerful analytical method to search for functional gene sets that may be involved in the molecular mechanism of the orbital fat hypertrophy in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ashok K. Dilly and Raju V. S. Rajala

Insulin Growth Factor 1 Receptor/PI3K/AKT Survival Pathway in Outer Segment Membranes of Rod Photoreceptors
2008 49: 4765-4773. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2286.
The authors demonstrate the light stress–induced activation of insulin growth factor-1 receptor neuron survival pathway in rod photoreceptor cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research:

Paolo Capozzi, Chiara Morini, Simone Piga, Marina Cuttini, and Pasquale Vadalà

Corneal Curvature and Axial Length Values in Children with Congenital/Infantile Cataract in the First 42 Months of Life
2008 49: 4774-4778. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1564.
Corneal curvature and axial length change rapidly during the first months of life. The estimates of these parameters, as obtained by a large series of pediatric patients, may assist in the selection of IOLs in congenital cataract surgery.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Zhikuan Yang, Weizhong Lan, Wen Liu, Xiang Chen, Haohui Nie, Minbin Yu, and Jian Ge

Association of Ocular Dominance and Myopia Development: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study
2008 49: 4779-4783. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1616.
The authors discuss the longitudinal observation of the effect of ocular dominance on myopia development.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Joanna Black, Sharon R. Browning, Andrew V. Collins, and John R. Phillips

A Canine Model of Inherited Myopia: Familial Aggregation of Refractive Error in Labrador Retrievers
2008 49: 4784-4789. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1828.
By showing that the distribution of refractive error within a large family of dogs is influenced by genetics as well as by residual/environmental effects, this paper argues that the dog provides a unique animal model of heritable, high-prevalence, low-degree human myopia.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mingguang He, Yoon-Mi Hur, Jian Zhang, Xiaohu Ding, Wenyong Huang, and Dandan Wang

Shared Genetic Determinant of Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Angle Opening Distance: The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study
2008 49: 4790-4794. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2130.
A twin study found shared genetic determinants for axial length, anterior chamber depth, and angle opening distance.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lintje Ho, Sharmila S. Boekhoorn, Liana, Cornelia M. van Duijn, André G. Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Paulus T. V. M. de Jong, Theo Stijnen, and Johannes R. Vingerling

Cataract Surgery and the Risk of Aging Macula Disorder: The Rotterdam Study
2008 49: 4795-4800. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2066.
The findings of the Rotterdam Study imply that homozygous CFH Y402H carriers had higher risks for all types of AMD compared to heterozygotes and noncarriers after cataract surgery, particularly for dry AMD.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cornea:

Fabio Scarpa, Enrico Grisan, and Alfredo Ruggeri

Automatic Recognition of Corneal Nerve Structures in Images from Confocal Microscopy
2008 49: 4801-4807. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2061.
A computer program for the automatic tracing of nerves in confocal images of the cornea is presented. Its evaluation in two independent sets of normal and non-normal subjects, for a total of 170 images, yielded an average correlation coefficient higher than 0.90.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Young Bin Choy, Jung-Hwan Park, Bernard E. McCarey, Henry F. Edelhauser, and Mark R. Prausnitz

Mucoadhesive Microdiscs Engineered for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Effect of Particle Geometry and Formulation on Preocular Residence Time
2008 49: 4808-4815. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2515.
Mucoadhesive microdiscs formulated in a rapidly-dissolving tablet can achieve a prolonged residence time on the preocular surface and thus are a promising drug delivery system for ophthalmic applications.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Raf Ponsaerts, Catheleyne D'hondt, Geert Bultynck, Sangly P. Srinivas, Johan Vereecke, and Bernard Himpens

The Myosin II ATPase Inhibitor Blebbistatin Prevents Thrombin-Induced Inhibition of Intercellular Calcium Wave Propagation in Corneal Endothelial Cells
2008 49: 4816-4827. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1533.
This study provides evidence that the actomyosin cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulating connexin hemichannels involved in ATP-dependent paracrine intercellular communication.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Samuel Arba-Mosquera, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, and Diego de Ortueta

Clinical Effects of Pure Cyclotorsional Errors during Refractive Surgery
2008 49: 4828-4836. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1766.
A new method to determine the average cyclotorsion during refractive surgery without a cyclotorsion tracker as well as mathematical conditions to determine the optical, visual, and absolute benefits were developed and analyzed in 76 consecutive treatments performed on right eyes.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Danny S. Roh, Amanda L. Cook, Steven S. Rhee, Amar Joshi, Regis Kowalski, Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, and James L. Funderburgh

DNA Cross-linking, Double-Strand Breaks, and Apoptosis in Corneal Endothelial Cells after a Single Exposure to Mitomycin C
2008 49: 4837-4843. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2115.
This paper provides direct evidence of corneal endothelial DNA damage after a single application of mitomycin C used at clinically relevant dosages and times.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Qian Garrett, Shunjiang Xu, Peter A. Simmons, Joseph Vehige, Judith L. Flanagan, and Mark D. Willcox

Expression and Localization of Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1 and OCTN2 in Ocular Epithelium
2008 49: 4844-4849. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1528.
The first reported expression of OCTN1 and OCTN2 in rabbit and human ocular epithelium suggests their significant role in transport of carnitine in ocular tissues and an intrinsic homeostatic role for carnitine in the eye.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yukiko Kondo, Ken Fukuda, Tadafumi Adachi, and Teruo Nishida

Inhibition by a Selective IB Kinase-2 Inhibitor of Interleukin-1–Induced Collagen Degradation by Corneal Fibroblasts in Three-Dimensional Culture
2008 49: 4850-4857. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1897.
The authors identified a selective IB kinase-2 inhibitor, which blocks activation of the transcription factor NF-B, attenuates IL-1β-induced collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts by preventing the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase synthesis in these cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology:

Joseph L. Demer

Inflection in Inactive Lateral Rectus Muscle: Evidence Suggesting Focal Mechanical Effects of Connective Tissues
2008 49: 4858-4864. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2069.
Paths of paralyzed or relaxed lateral rectus muscles are inflected in a way suggesting constraint by discrete structures. This MRI finding supports the role of pulleys rather than orbital fat as determinants of muscle paths.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gerhard Asmussen, Karla Punkt, Bengt Bartsch, and Tomás Soukup

Specific Metabolic Properties of Rat Oculorotatory Extraocular Muscles Can Be Linked to Their Low Force Requirements
2008 49: 4865-4871. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1577.
Using quantitative cytophotometric data, the authors have demonstrated the high levels of oxidative and glycolytic activity in one and the same fiber of EOM and suggested that the EOM can develop an extensive mitochondrial system (ensuring them fatigue resistance) and a sarcotubular system (enabling their fast contraction and high mATPase activity) because, due to their attachment to the orbit material, they do not need to produce high force in contrast to limb skeletal muscles.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Glaucoma:

Alice L. Yu, Rudolf Fuchshofer, Anselm Kampik, and Ulrich Welge-Lüssen

Effects of Oxidative Stress in Trabecular Meshwork Cells Are Reduced by Prostaglandin Analogues
2008 49: 4872-4880.
Oxidative stress is able to induce characteristic glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) changes in vitro and these oxidative stress-induced TM changes can be minimized by the use of prostaglandin analogues. Thus, prevention of oxidative stress exposure to the TM may help to reduce the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christophe Breusegem, Steffen Fieuws, Ingeborg Stalmans, and Thierry Zeyen

Variability of the Standard Reference Height and Its Influence on the Stereometric Parameters of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3
2008 49: 4881-4885. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2331.
The authors found that the variability of the standard reference height exceeded 10% in almost half of the HRT3 follow-up examinations of the same patient, and that this could explain more than half of the variability in the stereometric parameters rim area, rim volume, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christopher Kai-shun Leung, Carol Yim-lui Cheung, Dusheng Lin, Chi Pui Pang, Dennis S. C. Lam, and Robert N. Weinreb

Longitudinal Variability of Optic Disc and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurements
2008 49: 4886-4892. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1187.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc measurements obtained from optical coherence tomography, scanning laser polarimeter, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope demonstrated comparable longitudinal variability. These instruments are useful for studying glaucoma progression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christopher Kai-shun Leung, Carol Yim-lui Cheung, Robert N. Weinreb, Gary Lee, Dusheng Lin, Chi Pui Pang, and Dennis S. C. Lam

Comparison of Macular Thickness Measurements between Time Domain and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
2008 49: 4893-4897. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1326.
Macular thickness measurements obtained from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) were significantly greater than those obtained from time domain OCT because of the more posteriorly located retinal boundary (RPE in 3D OCT versus the inner and outer segment photoreceptor interface in Stratus OCT). Lower measurement variability was observed in spectral domain OCT. Clinicians should be aware of the measurement differences between the two instruments.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christopher Kai-shun Leung, James D. Lindsey, Jonathan G. Crowston, Chen Lijia, Sylvia Chiang, and Robert N. Weinreb

Longitudinal Profile of Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage after Optic Nerve Crush with Blue-Light Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
2008 49: 4898-4902. First Published on April 25 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1447.
A blue-light confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (bCSLO) was developed to image the expression of Thy-1 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vivo. In this study, the authors demonstrated that long-term, noninvasive monitoring of RGC degeneration is possible with bCSLO. The longitudinal profile of RGC degeneration after optic nerve crush is characterized by a two-phase exponential decay model.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Won-Kyu Ju, Keun-Young Kim, James D. Lindsey, Mila Angert, Karen X. Duong-Polk, Ray T. Scott, James Jaeyoung Kim, Ismail Kukhmazov, Mark H. Ellisman, Guy A. Perkins, and Robert N. Weinreb

Intraocular Pressure Elevation Induces Mitochondrial Fission and Triggers OPA1 Release in Glaucomatous Optic Nerve
2008 49: 4903-4911. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1661.
This study shows that IOP elevation may directly damage mitochondria in glaucomatous optic nerve head axons by inducing key alterations in proteins that regulate mitochondrial structure and function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures and Movies  

Yuan He, Jian Ge, and Joyce Tombran-Tink

Mitochondrial Defects and Dysfunction in Calcium Regulation in Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells
2008 49: 4912-4922. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2192.
The authors’ studies indicate that the trabecular meshwork cells of individuals with POAG have mitochondrial function defects, which cause the cells to be abnormally vulnerable to Ca²⁺ stress and result in a disruption in calcium regulation. These abnormalities may contribute to the failure of the trabecular meshwork to control IOP in individuals with POAG. Pharmacologic interventions that restore physiological calcium levels or promote mitochondrial function could have clinical implications for primary open-angle glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Immunology and Microbiology:

Susan M. Nicholls and Andrew D. Dick

Lack of IFN- Synthesis in Aqueous Humor during Corneal Graft Rejection Correlates with Suppressed Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages
2008 49: 4923-4930. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1962.
This study shows differences in nitric oxide synthesis in stroma and anterior chamber during corneal graft rejection, correlating with differences in IFN- production, and suggests that nitric oxide synthesis by macrophages is not a mechanism of corneal cell destruction.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Brandt J. Wiskur, Jonathan J. Hunt, and Michelle C. Callegan

Hypermucoviscosity as a Virulence Factor in Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae Endophthalmitis
2008 49: 4931-4938. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2276.
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes an endogenous form of endophthalmitis that almost always results in a poor visual outcome. This study analyzed the contribution of the hypermucoviscous phenotype in the pathogenesis of experimental K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jeanet A. Lomholt and Mogens Kilian

Degradation of Uniquely Glycosylated Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Tears from Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis
2008 49: 4939-4944. First Published on August 29 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1198.
This paper demonstrates that secretory component of S-IgA in tear fluid is more abundantly glycosylated than that present in other types of secretions, a difference of probable functional significance. During Pseudomonas keratitis, tear fluid S-IgA is partially degraded by bacterial proteases.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lens:

Xingjun Fan and Vincent M. Monnier

Inhibition of Crystallin Ascorbylation by Nucleophilic Compounds in the hSVCT2 Mouse Model of Lenticular Aging
2008 49: 4945-4952. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1813.
Ascorbic acid oxidation products are in part responsible for the aging of human lens crystallins. Guanidino compounds can block these ascorbylation reactions when fed to transgenic mice expressing high levels of the human vitamin C transporter 2, suggesting potential application for delaying lens aging in the human.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ramya Rajagopal, Lisa K. Dattilo, Vesa Kaartinen, Chu-Xia Deng, Lieve Umans, An Zwijsen, Anita B. Roberts, Erwin P. Bottinger, and David C. Beebe

Functions of the Type 1 BMP Receptor Acvr1 (Alk2) in Lens Development: Cell Proliferation, Terminal Differentiation, and Survival
2008 49: 4953-4960. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2217.
The type I BMP receptor, Acvr1, switches functions from promoting cell proliferation at early stages to inhibiting proliferation and promoting terminal differentiation later in lens development.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Material  

Ying-Bo Shui, Jeffrey M. Arbeit, Randall S. Johnson, and David C. Beebe

HIF-1: An Age-Dependent Regulator of Lens Cell Proliferation
2008 49: 4961-4970. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2118.
Larger or smaller lens size is a major risk factor for age-related nuclear or cortical cataracts, respectively. This study shows that the hypoxia-regulated transcription factor, HIF-1, suppresses the growth of the mouse lens with increasing effectiveness as the animal ages.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Physiology and Pharmacology:

Christian Schmeer, Adriana Gámez, Svetlana Tausch, Otto W. Witte, and Stefan Isenmann

Statins Modulate Heat Shock Protein Expression and Enhance Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival after Transient Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion In Vivo
2008 49: 4971-4981. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1597.
Results from this study show involvement of the stress response in statin-mediated neuroprotective effects following transient retinal ischemia.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Aránzazu Mediero, Ana Guzmán-Aranguez, Almudena Crooke, Assumpta Peral, and Jesús Pintor

Corneal Re-epithelialization Stimulated by Diadenosine Polyphosphates Recruits RhoA/ROCK and ERK1/2 Pathways
2008 49: 4982-4992. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1583.
Ap₄A via the activation of the P2Y₂ receptor, is able to activate both MAPK and RhoA/ROCK pathways, and both are necessary for the migration process.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kissaou T. Tchedre, Ren-Qi Huang, Adnan Dibas, Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy, Glenn H. Dillon, and Thomas Yorio

Sigma-1 Receptor Regulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Involves a Direct Interaction
2008 49: 4993-5002. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1867.
The sigma-1 receptor physically interacts with the L-type calcium channel to regulate its activity in retinal ganglion cells to prevent calcium overload.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cornelia Dimitriu, Michael Bach, Wolf A. Lagrèze, and Thomas Jehle

Methylprednisolone Fails to Preserve Retinal Ganglion Cells and Visual Function after Ocular Ischemia in Rats
2008 49: 5003-5007. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1869.
Methylprednisolone treatment is not effective in ameliorating retinal injury induced by ischemia, but also does not impair visual function or reduce RGC survival.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retina:

Haicheng She, Toru Nakazawa, Akihisa Matsubara, Edward Connolly, Toshio Hisatomi, Kousuke Noda, Ivana Kim, Evangelos S. Gragoudas, and Joan W. Miller

Photoreceptor Protection after Photodynamic Therapy Using Dexamethasone in a Rat Model of Choroidal Neovascularization
2008 49: 5008-5014. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1154.
Dexamethasone reduces photoreceptor damage caused by photodynamic therapy in a rat model of choroidal neovascularization.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Veronique B. D. Kitiratschky, Robert Wilke, Agnes B. Renner, Ulrich Kellner, Maria Vadalà, David G. Birch, Bernd Wissinger, Eberhart Zrenner, and Susanne Kohl

Mutation Analysis Identifies GUCY2D as the Major Gene Responsible for Autosomal Dominant Progressive Cone Degeneration
2008 49: 5015-5023. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1901.
GUCY2D is a major gene for autosomal dominant progressive cone dystrophy due to a true mutation hotspot at amino acid residue 838. Missense mutations at and adjacent to this position account for approximately 40%.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hana Langrová, Eberhart Zrenner, Anne Kurtenbach, and Mathias W. Seeliger

Age-Related Changes in Retinal Functional Topography
2008 49: 5024-5032. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1309.
The mfERG technique allows assessment of age-related functional alterations in the retina topographically, revealing information beyond that accessible with conventional methods. Besides an enhancement of knowledge about ocular aging processes, the choice of physiologically coherent regions of interest may increase the sensitivity of detecting age-related change in studies analyzing retinal function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Timothy L. Jackson, Ali Hussain, Ana M. S. Morley, Paul M. Sullivan, Andrea Hodgetts, Austen El-Osta, Jost Hillenkamp, Stephen J. Charles, Richard Sheard, Tom H. Williamson, Anupma Kumar, D. Alistair H. Laidlaw, W. Hong Woon, Mark J. Costen, Andrew J. Luff, and John Marshall

Scleral Hydraulic Conductivity and Macromolecular Diffusion in Patients with Uveal Effusion Syndrome
2008 49: 5033-5040. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1980.
Sclera from patients with uveal effusion syndrome has normal or high permeability to water, whereas the diffusion of large molecules is reduced in some cases: this calls into question some of the theories regarding the pathogenesis of this rare condition.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Table  

Ronald E. Gangnon, Matthew D. Davis, Larry D. Hubbard, Lloyd M. Aiello, Emily Y. Chew, Frederick L. Ferris, III, Marian R. Fisher, and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group

A Severity Scale for Diabetic Macular Edema Developed from ETDRS Data
2008 49: 5041-5047. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2231.
A new ETDRS staged classification of DME, developed from baseline data, is applied to follow-up data to document relationships between duration and severity of DME and rate and magnitude of visual loss.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sandra Liakopoulos, Sharel Ongchin, Alok Bansal, Sandeep Msutta, Alexander C. Walsh, Paul G. Updike, and Srinivas R. Sadda

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Various Subtypes of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2008 49: 5048-5054. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1877.
Quantitative analysis of OCT images reveals differences between the angiographically defined lesion subtypes in neovascular AMD and demonstrates the added value of OCT imaging for classifying CNV lesions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jeff Fingler, Carol Readhead, Daniel M. Schwartz, and Scott E. Fraser

Phase-Contrast OCT Imaging of Transverse Flows in the Mouse Retina and Choroid
2008 49: 5055-5059. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1627.
A high-speed phase-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was developed for mouse retinal imaging that measures motions over a large dynamic range of flow velocities. Phase-contrast OCT enables visualization of retinal and choroidal microvasculature in vivo.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Efstratios Mendrinos, Ioannis K. Petropoulos, Georgios Mangioris, Domniki N. Papadopoulou, Alexandros N. Stangos, and Constantin J. Pournaras

Lactate-Induced Retinal Arteriolar Vasodilation Implicates Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Minipigs
2008 49: 5060-5066. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2087.
Neuronal-derived nitric oxide may mediate the lactate-induced retinal arteriolar vasodilation, since neuronal/glial nitric oxide synthesis inhibition by preretinal juxta-arteriolar injection of L-NAME suppresses the vasodilatory effect of lactate in minipigs.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Richard J. Davis, Joaquin Tosi, Kerstin M. Janisch, J. Mie Kasanuki, Nan-Kai Wang, Jian Kong, Ilene Tsui, Marianne Cilluffo, Michael L. Woodruff, Gordon L. Fain, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, and Stephen H. Tsang

Functional Rescue of Degenerating Photoreceptors in Mice Homozygous for a Hypomorphic cGMP Phosphodiesterase 6 b Allele (Pde6b^H620Q)
2008 49: 5067-5076. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1422.
High intracelluar calicum causes degeneration in phosphodiesterase-associated retinitis pigmentosa model, which can be rescued by lentiviral gene therapy.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Srinivas V. Goverdhan, Salim I. Khakoo, Hannah Gaston, Xiaoli Chen, and Andrew J. Lotery

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is Associated with the HLA-Cw*0701 Genotype and the Natural Killer Cell Receptor AA Haplotype
2008 49: 5077-5082. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1837.
This study provides new evidence for inflammation in AMD. The combined effect of HLA-Cw*0701 genotype and the natural killer cell receptor AA haplotype seems important for AMD.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David J. Calkins, Philip J. Horner, Robin Roberts, Marius Gradianu, and Bruce A. Berkowitz

Manganese-Enhanced MRI of the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Hereditary Glaucoma
2008 49: 5083-5088. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2205.
Noninvasive MEMRI-detectable changes associated with age in a common animal model of hereditary glaucoma are presented as a baseline that may be useful to longitudinally evaluate future therapeutic success.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Margo P. Cohen, Elizabeth Hud, Van-Yu Wu, and Clyde W. Shearman

Amelioration of Diabetes-Associated Abnormalities in the Vitreous Fluid by an Inhibitor of Albumin Glycation
2008 49: 5089-5093. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1993.
Lowering increased levels of Amadori-modified albumin, without change in hyperglycemia, improves diabetes-associated abnormalities in rat vitreous, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to early diabetic retinopathy.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Stela S. Palii, Aqeela Afzal, Lynn C. Shaw, Hao Pan, Sergio Caballero, Rehae C. Miller, Simona Jurczyk, Jean-Claude Reubi, Yufei Tan, Guenther Hochhaus, Henry Edelhauser, Dayle Geroski, Gideon Shapiro, and Maria B. Grant

Nonpeptide Somatostatin Receptor Agonists Specifically Target Ocular Neovascularization via the Somatostatin Type 2 Receptor
2008 49: 5094-5102. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2289.
Nonpeptide imidazolidin-2,4-dione somatostatin receptor agonists (NISAs) inhibit angiogenesis in the OIR and CNV model by targeting the SSTR2 receptor subtype.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Vivek J. Srinivasan, Desmond C. Adler, Yueli Chen, Iwona Gorczynska, Robert Huber, Jay S. Duker, Joel S. Schuman, and James G. Fujimoto

Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography for Three-Dimensional and En Face Imaging of the Retina and Optic Nerve Head
2008 49: 5103-5110. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2127.
Ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina and optic nerve is demonstrated at 249,000 axial scans per second and 1060 nm, while methods for en face visualization of the retina, choroid, and lamina cribrosa are investigated.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retinal Cell Biology:

Ashish Sharma, Aneesh Neekhra, Ana L. Gramajo, Jayaprakash Patil, Marilyn Chwa, Baruch D. Kuppermann, and M. Cristina Kenney

Effects of Benzo(e)Pyrene, a Toxic Component of Cigarette Smoke, on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro
2008 49: 5111-5117. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2060.
The study finds that B(e)P induces apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells via caspase pathway and demonstrates caspase-12 activation with cigarette smoke constituent on ARPE-19 cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yasuya Inomata, Hidenobu Tanihara, Masaki Tanito, Hiroaki Okuyama, Yuma Hoshino, Tomoya Kinumi, Takahiro Kawaji, Norihiko Kondo, Junji Yodoi, and Hajime Nakamura

Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization by Thioredoxin-1 via Interaction with Complement Factor H
2008 49: 5118-5125. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1659.
Thioredoxin-1 interacts with complement factor H.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Fred Rieke, Amy Lee, and Françoise Haeseleer

Characterization of Ca²⁺-Binding Protein 5 Knockout Mouse Retina
2008 49: 5126-5135. First Published on June 27 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2236.
This study provides evidence of a role of CaBP5 for the visual function. Rod-mediated light responses of retinal ganglion cells in CaBP5 knockout mice have a reduced sensitivity compared to wild-type ganglion cells although no evidence of morphological changes is observed.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Allison Ning, Jing Cui, Eleanor To, Karen Hsiao Ashe, and Joanne Matsubara

Amyloid-β Deposits Lead to Retinal Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
2008 49: 5136-5143. First Published on June 19 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1849.
Age-related accumulation of amyloid beta deposits causes overexpression of MCP-1 and microglial activation leading to neurodegeneration in the retina of the APP/PS1 doubly mutant transgenic mouse.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Li-Feng Chen, Zheng Qin Yin, Shan Chen, and Zhong-Shan Chen

Differentiation and Production of Action Potentials by Embryonic Rat Retina Stem Cells In Vitro
2008 49: 5144-5150. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1907.
Future transplantation protocols may be improved by the knowledge that voltage-dependent ion channel development (K +-, Na +-currents and action potentials) in differentiating retinal stem cells appears to take at least 15 days to mature in cultured cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nagavedi S. Umapathy, Ying Dun, Pamela M. Martin, Jennifer N. Duplantier, Penny Roon, Puttur Prasad, Sylvia B. Smith, and Vadivel Ganapathy

Expression and Function of System N Glutamine Transporters (SN1/SN2 or SNAT3/SNAT5) in Retinal Ganglion Cells
2008 49: 5151-5160. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2245.
The study demonstrates that system N (SN1/SN2) contributes significantly to glutamine uptake in ganglion cells and hence contributes to the retinal glutamate-glutamine cycle.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Johannes Lange, Yousef Yafai, Andreas Reichenbach, Peter Wiedemann, and Wolfram Eichler

Regulation of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor Production and Release by Retinal Glial (Müller) Cells under Hypoxia
2008 49: 5161-5167. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2201.
This study provides new insights into regulation of cellular PEDF levels in glial (Müller) cells, especially under hypoxic conditions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Neurophysiology:

Jean-Laurent Guyomard, Serge G. Rosolen, Michel Paques, Marie-Noelle Delyfer, Manuel Simonutti, Yann Tessier, José A. Sahel, Jean-François Legargasson, and Serge Picaud

A Low-Cost and Simple Imaging Technique of the Anterior and Posterior Segments: Eye Fundus, Ciliary Bodies, Iridocorneal Angle
2008 49: 5168-5174. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1340.
This new and low-cost technique can provide images of both the iridocorneal angle, the ciliary bodies, and the retina in a single exam using a portable device applied on eyes in any position.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

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