Lectures:

Martin Friedlander

Introducing Lois E. H. Smith, the 2008 Recipient of the Friedenwald Award
2008 49: 5175-5176. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2585. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lois E. H. Smith

Through The Eyes of a Child: Understanding Retinopathy through ROP The Friedenwald Lecture
2008 49: 5177-5182. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2584. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dwight A. Burkhardt

Introducing Robert F. Miller, the 2008 Recipient of the Proctor Medal
2008 49: 5183. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert F. Miller

Cell Communication Mechanisms in the Vertebrate Retina The Proctor Lecture
2008 49: 5184-5198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anatomy and Pathology:

Anne Cook, Sarah White, Mark Batterbury, and David Clark

Ocular Growth and Refractive Error Development in Premature Infants with or without Retinopathy of Prematurity
2008 49: 5199-5207.
Premature eyes have shorter axial lengths, shallower anterior chambers, and more highly curved corneas than eyes of full-term infants. These differences become more significant as the severity of ROP increases.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Xiangtian Zhou, Meixiao Shen, Jing Xie, Jianhua Wang, Liqin Jiang, Miaozhen Pan, Jia Qu, and Fan Lu

The Development of the Refractive Status and Ocular Growth in C57BL/6 Mice
2008 49: 5208-5214. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1545.
Optical coherence tomography with a stepper motor appears useful in the measurement of eye growth in the C57BL/6 mouse model, which showed the axial length and corneal curvature were the major factors for the rapidly increased hyperopic in mouse eyes.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Colleen M. Cebulla, Maria-Elena Jockovich, Yolanda Piña, Hinda Boutrid, Armando Alegret, Amy Kulak, Abigail S. Hackam, Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya, William J. Feuer, and Timothy G. Murray

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Impact on Retinoblastoma Progression and Survival
2008 49: 5215-5221. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1668.
Several isoforms of bFGF were identified in human and transgenic RB and may have implications for tumor growth and chemoresistance.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Falk Schroedl, Axel Brehmer, Winfried L. Neuhuber, Friedrich E. Kruse, C. Albrecht May, and Claus Cursiefen

The Normal Human Choroid Is Endowed with a Significant Number of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronate Receptor 1 (LYVE-1)–Positive Macrophages
2008 49: 5222-5229. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1721.
LYVE-1 immunohistochemistry in the human choroid shows numerous LYVE-1 positive macrophages but reveals absence of lymphatic vessels.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michael D. Onken, Lori A. Worley, Meghan D. Long, Shenghui Duan, M. Laurin Council, Anne M. Bowcock, and J. William Harbour

Oncogenic Mutations in GNAQ Occur Early in Uveal Melanoma
2008 49: 5230-5234. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2145.
Activating mutations in GNAQ occur in about half of uveal melanomas and are not associated with any features of late tumor progression, consistent with an early or initiating event.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Material  

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

Birgit Lorenz, Eugenia Poliakov, Maria Schambeck, Christoph Friedburg, Markus N. Preising, and T. Michael Redmond

A Comprehensive Clinical and Biochemical Functional Study of a Novel RPE65 Hypomorphic Mutation
2008 49: 5235-5242. First Published on July 3 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1671.
This paper is a comprehensive analysis of an Rpe65 mutation associated with an extremely mild phenotype in early childhood, and correlates this phenotype with the low level isomerase activity of a severely hypomorphic RPE65 mutant protein.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

LiJia Huang, Jonathan Chi, Fred B. Berry, Timothy K. Footz, Michael W. Sharp, and Michael A. Walter

Human p32 Is a Novel FOXC1-Interacting Protein That Regulates FOXC1 Transcriptional Activity in Ocular Cells
2008 49: 5243-5249. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1625.
The finding that the p32 protein normally binds to and regulates the activity of the FOXC1 transcription factor, and that this interaction is disrupted by mutation of FOXC1 found in Axenfeld-Rieger (AR) syndrome patients, suggest that impaired protein–protein interaction can be a disease-causing mechanism for AR syndrome.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Thomas M. Bosley, Michael C. Brodsky, Charles M. Glasier, and Khaled K. Abu-Amero

Sporadic Bilateral Optic Neuropathy in Children: The Role of Mitochondrial Abnormalities
2008 49: 5250-5256. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2193.
This study identified patients with decreased vision since childhood due to bilateral optic neuropathy characterized by central visual loss with no other major neurologic, retinal, or ocular abnormality and no clinical evidence of a mitochondrial syndrome or genetic evidence of dominant or recessive optic atrophy. Four patients had mtDNA nucleotide changes predicted to be pathologic, but in general this group did not have other striking evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research:

Ellen E. Freeman, Aimee T. Broman, Kathleen A. Turano, and Sheila K. West

Motion-Detection Threshold and Measures of Balance in Older Adults: The SEE Project
2008 49: 5257-5263. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1106.
Problems with balance in older adults may be partly due to decreased ability to see small movements and/or visual field reduction.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Rohit Varma, Michelle Y. Wang, Mei Ying-Lai, Jill Donofrio, Stanley P. Azen, and the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group

The Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Uncorrected Refractive Error and Unmet Refractive Need in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study
2008 49: 5264-5273. First Published on April 25 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1814.
In a population-based sample of adult Latinos, the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and unmet refractive need is high, and is associated with lack of employment and access to care, as well as lower-than-high-school education.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Markku T. Leinonen and Lea Hyvärinen

Documenting Fixation at an Extrafoveal Locus with a Modified Slit Lamp in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2008 49: 5274-5278. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1120.
The authors discuss an inexpensive and rapid way to assess the fixation with a modified slit lamp in patients with low vision.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movies  

Cornea:

Chuan-Yuan Chang, Colin R. Green, Charles N. J. McGhee, and Trevor Sherwin

Acute Wound Healing in the Human Central Corneal Epithelium Appears to Be Independent of Limbal Stem Cell Influence
2008 49: 5279-5286. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1260.
Using a unique model, the authors have shown that central human corneal epithelium has greater regenerative capacity than previously thought.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movie  

Maria Clara Arbelaez, Camila Vidal, and Samuel Arba-Mosquera

Clinical Outcomes of Corneal Vertex Versus Central Pupil References with Aberration-Free Ablation Strategies and LASIK
2008 49: 5287-5294. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2176.
Morphologic centering references such as corneal vertex yield outcomes superior to those of pupil centration techniques for correction of compound myopic astigmatism in eyes with moderate to large pupillary offset.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

John Ng, Minas T. Coroneo, Denis Wakefield, and Nick Di Girolamo

Ultraviolet Radiation and the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
2008 49: 5295-5306. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1988.
This study identifies matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in human ocular surface neoplasia and establishes a role for ultraviolet radiation in modulating the expression of these proteins in cultured epithelial cells derived from diseased tissue.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Naoki Komatsu, Dai Miyazaki, Takeshi Tominaga, Chuan-Hui Kuo, Sachiko Namba, Shuzo Takeda, Hidemitsu Higashi, and Yoshitsugu Inoue

Transcriptional Analyses before and after Suppression of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions by CCR3 Blockade in Eyes with Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis
2008 49: 5307-5313. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2154.
CCR3 regulates not only the eosinophilic inflammation, but also the clinical signs and mast cell degranulation. The CCR3-mediated transcriptome is characterized by many biological processes associated with mast cell activation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Tables  

Pao-Hsien Chu, Lung-Kun Yeh, Hsin-Chiung Lin, Shih-Ming Jung, David Hui-Kang Ma, I-Jong Wang, Hsueh-Hua Wu, Tzu-Fang Shiu, and Ju Chen

Deletion of the FHL2 Gene Attenuating Neovascularization after Corneal Injury
2008 49: 5314-5318. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2209.
Deletion of the novel FHL2 protein is associated with relative resistance to corneal angiogenesis, including decrease in VEGF expression and inflammation. Therefore, FHL2 protein in the ocular surface may be partly responsible for corneal neovascularization.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Norihiko Yokoi, Hideaki Yamada, Yutaka Mizukusa, Anthony J. Bron, John M. Tiffany, Takahisa Kato, and Shigeru Kinoshita

Rheology of Tear Film Lipid Layer Spread in Normal and Aqueous Tear–Deficient Dry Eyes
2008 49: 5319-5324. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1407.
This report demonstrates that the time-dependent changes of the tear-film lipid-layer spread are compatible with the Voigt model of viscoelasticity, and that the initial velocity of the tear-film lipidlayer spread after a blink decreased in proportion to the decrease of tear volume, thus establishing the potential for using this parameter to diagnose and evaluate the severity of aqueous tear deficiency.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

N. Engin Vrana, Nicolas Builles, Virginie Justin, Jurgen Bednarz, Graziella Pellegrini, Barbara Ferrari, Odile Damour, David J. S. Hulmes, and Vasif Hasirci

Development of a Reconstructed Cornea from Collagen–Chondroitin Sulfate Foams and Human Cell Cultures
2008 49: 5325-5331. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1599.
Collagen/chondroitin sulfate foam is shown to serve as a suitable scaffold for the reconstruction of full-depth corneas using human limbal–derived epithelial cells, keratocytes, and SV40-transformed endothelial cells, as shown by the presence of cell-specific markers and newly synthesized extracellular matrix, including basement membrane.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Li Ding, Wayne H. Knox, Jens Bühren, Lana J. Nagy, and Krystel R. Huxlin

Intratissue Refractive Index Shaping (IRIS) of the Cornea and Lens Using a Low-Pulse-Energy Femtosecond Laser Oscillator
2008 49: 5332-5339. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1921.
This paper describes an application of low-pulse-energy, MHz femtosecond lasers for noninvasively modifying the refractive index of transparent ocular tissues. The ability to alter the native refractive index of the cornea and lens without causing tissue damage or decreasing transparency has important practical implications for the field of laser refractive surgery and for vision correction in general.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology:

Ho-Kyung Choung, Su-Eon Jin, Min Joung Lee, Chong-Kook Kim, and Jeong-Min Hwang

Slow-Releasing Paclitaxel in Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polylactide-co-glycolide Laminate Delays Adjustment after Strabismus Surgery in Rabbit Model
2008 49: 5340-5345. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1694.
Slow-releasing paclitaxel in polytetrafluoroethylene/polylactide-co-glycolide (PTFE/PLGA) was found to reduce adhesion and allowed delayed adjustment in most eyes for up to five weeks postoperatively in rabbit model.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Glaucoma:

Stephanie A. Battista, Zhaozeng Lu, Sara Hofmann, Thomas Freddo, Darryl R. Overby, and Haiyan Gong

Reduction of the Available Area for Aqueous Humor Outflow and Increase in Meshwork Herniations into Collector Channels Following Acute IOP Elevation in Bovine Eyes
2008 49: 5346-5352. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1707.
A decrease in outflow facility following acute IOP elevation is found associated with a decrease in the available area for aqueous outflow caused by an increased number of herniations of trabecular meshwork into collector channel ostia and collapse of the aqueous plexus near the collector channel ostia regions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mini Aga, John M. Bradley, Kate E. Keller, Mary J. Kelley, and Ted S. Acott

Specialized Podosome- or Invadopodia-like Structures (PILS) for Focal Trabecular Meshwork Extracellular Matrix Turnover
2008 49: 5353-5365. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1666.
Podosome- or invadopodia-like structures (PILS), which appear to serve in focal extracellular matrix turnover to modulate the aqueous humor outflow resistance, have been identified on trabecular meshwork cells and in situ in the trabecular meshwork.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movies  

Erich Götzinger, Michael Pircher, Bernhard Baumann, Cornelia Hirn, Clemens Vass, and Christoph K. Hitzenberger

Analysis of the Origin of Atypical Scanning Laser Polarimetry Patterns by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
2008 49: 5366-5372.
This study uses polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography to identify the reasons for atypical scanning laser polarimetry patterns; the predominant source of these artifacts is increased penetration of the probing light into the strongly birefringent sclera.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Graham Mowatt, Jennifer M. Burr, Jonathan A. Cook, M. A. Rehman Siddiqui, Craig Ramsay, Cynthia Fraser, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Jonathan J. Deeks for the OAG Screening Project

Screening Tests for Detecting Open-Angle Glaucoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2008 49: 5373-5385. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1501.
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of screening tests for open-angle glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Marcel N. Menke, Pascal Knecht, Veit Sturm, Simeon Dabov, and Jens Funk

Reproducibility of Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements Using 3D Fourier-Domain OCT
2008 49: 5386-5391. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1435.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements with 3D Fourier-Domain OCT (Topcon 3D OCT1000) showed good intra- and interobserver reproducibility in healthy controls.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sara Van de Veire, Peter Germonpre, Charlotte Renier, Ingeborg Stalmans, and Thierry Zeyen

Influences of Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature on Intraocular Pressure
2008 49: 5392-5396. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1578.
Diving decreases the intraocular pressure in a normal population.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nishani Amerasinghe, Tin Aung, Ning Cheung, Chee Weng Fong, Jie Jin Wang, Paul Mitchell, Seang-Mei Saw, and Tien Yin Wong

Evidence of Retinal Vascular Narrowing in Glaucomatous Eyes in an Asian Population
2008 49: 5397-5402. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2142.
This population-based study of over 3000 people demonstrates an association of narrower retinal vascular caliber with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, independent of intraocular pressure.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alice L. Yu, Rudolf Fuchshofer, Marco Birke, Anselm Kampik, Hans Bloemendal, and Ulrich Welge-Lüssen

Oxidative Stress and TGF-β2 Increase Heat Shock Protein 27 Expression in Human Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes
2008 49: 5403-5411. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1478.
Oxidative stress and TGF-β2 increase Hsp27 expression via p38MAP kinase in cultured human optic nerve head astrocytes.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

John P. Berdahl, Michael P. Fautsch, Sandra S. Stinnett, and R. Rand Allingham

Intracranial Pressure in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma, and Ocular Hypertension: A Case–Control Study
2008 49: 5412-5418. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2228.
Intracranial pressure is lower in glaucoma and higher in ocular hypertension. The relationship between intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure may have fundamental significance in glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Immunology and Microbiology:

Chidambaranathan Gowri Priya, Sivakumar R. Rathinam, and Veerappan Muthukkaruppan

Evidence for Endotoxin as a Causative Factor for Leptospiral Uveitis in Humans
2008 49: 5419-5424. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2174.
In contrast to autoimmune uveitis, endotoxin has been identified as a probable causative factor for leptospiral uveitis in humans.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Pranita P. Sarangi, Bumseok Kim, and Barry T. Rouse

Non-mitogenic Anti-CD3F(ab')₂ Monoclonal Antibody: A Novel Approach to Control Herpetic Stromal Keratitis
2008 49: 5425-5433. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1638.
The authors show that non-Fc receptor binding anti-CD3 treatment could be useful in limiting stromal keratitis lesions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Karyn F. Siemasko, Jianping Gao, Virginia L. Calder, Rebecca Hanna, Margarita Calonge, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Jerry Y. Niederkorn, and Michael E. Stern

In Vitro Expanded CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells Maintain a Normal Phenotype and Suppress Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Inflammation
2008 49: 5434-5440. First Published on July 24 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2075.
In vitro expanded regulatory T cells maintain inhibitory function, providing a unique tool to determine the mechanism regulatory T cells use to sustain a homeostatic environment on the ocular surface.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yun-Hsiang Chang, Chi-Ting Horng, Yi-Hao Chen, Po-Liang Chen, Ching-Long Chen, Chang-Min Liang, Ming-Wei Chien, and Jiann-Torng Chen

Inhibitory Effects of Glucosamine on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Lewis Rats
2008 49: 5441-5449. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1784.
Glucosamine may inhibit endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hisashi Mashimo, Nobuyuki Ohguro, Shintaro Nomura, Noriyasu Hashida, Kei Nakai, and Yasuo Tano

Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Local Expression of Interleukin-10 in the Tolerance of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis
2008 49: 5450-5457. First Published on August 29 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1878.
This study revealed two players in the development of EIU tolerance, circulating neutrophils and dendritc cells in the iris-ciliary body. The former decreased their chemotactic ability and the latter produced IL-10, which modulated neutrophil chemotactic function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David A. Copland, Michael S. Wertheim, W. John Armitage, Lindsay B. Nicholson, Ben J. E. Raveney, and Andrew D. Dick

The Clinical Time-Course of Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis Using Topical Endoscopic Fundal Imaging with Histologic and Cellular Infiltrate Correlation
2008 49: 5458-5465. First Published on August 29 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2348.
Imaging disease in experimental models of retinal autoimmune inflammation is now rapid and clear following advances using topical endoscopic fundus imaging. Appreciating the clinical picture further emphasizes the close mimicry of human uveitic conditions, while allowing accurate documentation of clinical changes and analyzing them in context to the underlying pathological and cellular changes. This platform will assist in accurate assessment of immuotherapeutics preclinically as well as increase understanding of the immunopathogenesis of noninfectious intraocular inflammation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lens:

Maneesh Mailankot, Dawn Smith, Scott Howell, Benlian Wang, James W. Jacobberger, Tammy Stefan, and Ram H. Nagaraj

Cell Cycle Arrest by Kynurenine in Lens Epithelial Cells
2008 49: 5466-5475. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2374.
This study demonstrates that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated production of kynurenine causes cell cycle arrest in human lens epithelial cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jun Zhang, Jing Li, Caiguo Huang, Lian Xue, Yajun Peng, Qing Fu, Li Gao, Jianrong Zhang, and Wenjie Li

Targeted Knockout of the Mouse βB2-crystallin Gene (Crybb2) Induces Age-Related Cataract
2008 49: 5476-5483. First Published on August 21 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2179.
βB2-crystallin is a structural protein and also a functional protein in maintaining the transparency of the lens.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mary Ann Croft, Jared P. McDonald, Rebecca J. James, Gregg A. Heatley, Ting-Li Lin, Elke Lütjen-Drecoll, and Paul L. Kaufman

Surgical Intervention and Accommodative Responses, I: Centripetal Ciliary Body, Capsule, and Lens Movements in Rhesus Monkeys of Various Ages
2008 49: 5484-5494. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1916.
This study reports the effects of disrupting the various components of the accommodative apparatus in monkeys. The presence of the lens substance, capsule zonular attachments, and Wieger’s ligament may play a role in centripetal CP movement. The older capsule movement is reduced compared to capsule movement in the young eye but is still potentially capable of producing 6 D of accommodation in the presence of a normal young crystalline lens or a similar surrogate.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movies  

Rainer Wasilewski, Jared P. McDonald, Gregg Heatley, Elke Lütjen-Drecoll, Paul L. Kaufman, and Mary Ann Croft

Surgical Intervention and Accommodative Responses, II: Forward Ciliary Body Accommodative Movement Is Facilitated by Zonular Attachments to the Lens Capsule
2008 49: 5495-5502. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1917.
Ciliary body forward movement is facilitated by the lens capsule and zonular attachments during accommodation in primates. Lens substance extraction procedures (similar to those used clinically) that leave the posterior capsule intact do not affect the capsule/zonular/muscular system movements, an important finding for accommodating intraocular lens development.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movie  

Physiology and Pharmacology:

Mila Kisilevsky, Alexandra Mardimae, Marat Slessarev, Jay Han, Joseph Fisher, and Chris Hudson

Retinal Arteriolar and Middle Cerebral Artery Responses to Combined Hypercarbic/Hyperoxic Stimuli
2008 49: 5503-5509. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1854.
Kisilevsky and co-workers performed direct comparison of the retinal arteriole and middle cerebral artery responses to hyperoxic-hypercarbic stimuli and showed that the constrictor effect of O₂ predominated over the vasodilator effect of CO₂ in the retinal arteriole but O₂ did not have a discernible influence on the CO₂-induced increase in blood flow of the middle cerebral artery.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert Flower, Enrico Peiretti, Mauro Magnani, Luigia Rossi, Sonja Serafini, Zygmunt Gryczynski, and Ignacy Gryczynski

Observation of Erythrocyte Dynamics in the Retinal Capillaries and Choriocapillaris Using ICG-Loaded Erythrocyte Ghost Cells
2008 49: 5510-5516. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1504.
This study utilizes high-speed angiography of circulating ICG-loaded erythrocytes to investigate existence of retinal vasomotion in the primate eye and to examine the relationship between erythrocyte dynamics and previously observed high-frequency pulsatile blood flow through the choriocapillaris.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movies  

George H. Herok, Thomas J. Millar, Philip J. Anderton, and Donald K. Martin

Role of Chloride Channels in Regulating the Volume of Acinar Cells of the Rabbit Superior Lacrimal Gland
2008 49: 5517-5525.
This study has identified a pH- and calcium-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channel in the secretory cells of the lacrimal gland that is activated when the cell volume increases. The results suggest that this chloride channel may be an initiating event for volume homoestasis and thus would have a significant role during the secretion of tears from the lacrimal gland.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gregory I. Liou, John A. Auchampach, Cecilia J. Hillard, Gu Zhu, Bilal Yousufzai, Salman Mian, Sohail Khan, and Yousuf Khalifa

Mediation of Cannabidiol Anti-inflammation in the Retina by Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter and A_2A Adenosine Receptor
2008 49: 5526-5531. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2196.
Cannabidiol, a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid, has been shown to block diabetes-induced retinal damage. The new results suggest that activated adenosine receptor A_2A in the retinal microglia plays a major role in anti-inflammation in the retina, and that cannabidiol anti-inflammatory effects are linked to adenosine uptake inhibition.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retina:

Michael A. Sandberg, Bernard Rosner, Carol Weigel-DiFranco, Terri L. McGee, Thaddeus P. Dryja, and Eliot L. Berson

Disease Course in Patients with Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa due to the USH2A Gene
2008 49: 5532-5539. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2009.
The authors have found that patients with autosomal retinitis pigmentosa due to USH2A mutations tend to experience a faster loss of visual field and electroretinogram amplitude than patients with dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to RHO mutations or X-linked retinitis pigmentosa due to RPGR mutations.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yannis M. Paulus, ATul Jain, Ray F. Gariano, Boris V. Stanzel, Michael Marmor, Mark S. Blumenkranz, and Daniel Palanker

Healing of Retinal Photocoagulation Lesions
2008 49: 5540-5545. First Published on August 29 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1928.
This article presents a detailed histopathologic analysis in rabbits of millisecond retinal photocoagulation lesion healing over 4 months and shows evidence suggesting photoreceptor migration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hiroshi Murata, Makoto Aihara, Yi-Ning Chen, Takashi Ota, Jiro Numaga, and Makoto Araie

Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells and Their Loss In Vivo by a Fundus Camera in the Normal and Ischemia-Reperfusion Model
2008 49: 5546-5552. First Published on August 8 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1211.
A new in vivo technique of imaging mouse retinal ganglion cells by a fundus camera allows noninvasive, repeated, and longitudinal evaluation of retinal ganglion cells for investigation of retinal damage and new therapeutic modalities.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Susana Maia-Lopes, Eduardo Duarte Silva, Aldina Reis, Maria Fátima Silva, Catarina Mateus, and Miguel Castelo-Branco

Retinal Function in Best Macular Dystrophy: Relationship between Electrophysiological, Psychophysical, and Structural Measures of Damage
2008 49: 5553-5560. First Published on September 4 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2093.
This paper shows pan-retinal defects in patients with Best macular dystrophy, combining several techniques to show differences between the functional losses as a function of eccentricity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jianmin Zhang, Sabine Fuhrmann, and Monica L. Vetter

A Nonautonomous Role for Retinal Frizzled-5 in Regulating Hyaloid Vitreous Vasculature Development
2008 49: 5561-5567. First Published on September 12 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2226.
Selective loss of frizzled-5 in mouse retina results in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and retinal defects through an apparently cell-nonautonomous effect, revealing a potential novel requirement for retina-derived signals in regulating development of the vitreous hyaloid vasculature.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Jan van de Kraats, Martijn J. Kanis, Stijn W. Genders, and Dirk van Norren

Lutein and Zeaxanthin Measured Separately in the Living Human Retina with Fundus Reflectometry
2008 49: 5568-5573. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1939.
Lutein and zeaxanthin were determined separately in the living human retina by measuring the optical reflection from the fundus.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retinal Cell Biology:

Jessica M. Skeie and Robert F. Mullins

Elastin-Mediated Choroidal Endothelial Cell Migration: Possible Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2008 49: 5574-5580. First Published on August 15 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1984.
Elastin abnormalities have been observed in Bruch’s membrane in association with age-related macular degeneration. This paper describes the potential functional impact of elastin fragmentation on choroidal endothelial cells. Elastin peptides were found to promote choroidal endothelial cell migration, suggesting that these fragments may participate in pathologic angiogenesis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Steve F. Abcouwer, Sumathi Shanmugam, Paul F. Gomez, Sain Shushanov, Alistair J. Barber, Kathryn F. Lanoue, Patrick G. Quinn, Mark Kester, and Thomas W. Gardner

Effect of IL-1β on Survival and Energy Metabolism of R28 and RGC-5 Retinal Neurons
2008 49: 5581-5592.
In the absence of ample glycolytic substrates, treatment of retinal neuronal cells with IL-1β can result in severe impairment of reductive metabolism and energy depletion, which may explain how IL-1β contributes to neuronal cell dysfunction and death during ischemic insults.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Zong-Mei Bian, Susan G. Elner, and Victor M. Elner

Regulated Expression of Caspase-12 Gene in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Suggests Its Immunomodulating Role
2008 49: 5593-5601. First Published on September 12 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2116.
Regulation of hRPE caspase-12 mRNA by ER stress activators and inflammatory mediators modulates hRPE MCP-1 expression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Javier Sancho-Pelluz, Kirsten A. Wunderlich, Uwe Rauch, F. Javier Romero, Theo van Veen, G. Astrid Limb, Paul R. Crocker, and Maria-Thereza Perez

Sialoadhesin Expression in Intact Degenerating Retinas and Following Transplantation
2008 49: 5602-5610. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2117.
Sialoadhesin (Sn) is expressed by subpopulations of resident and inflammatory macrophages. The studies show that Sn is not expressed in intact retinas in two models of photoreceptor degeneration, but is expressed by donor-derived macrophages following subretinal transplantation of photoreceptor precursor cells and of differentiated cells. Sn expression may play a role in limiting the long-term survival of the transplanted cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kendra S. Plafker, Krysten M. Farjo, Allan F. Wiechmann, and Scott M. Plafker

The Human Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme, UBE2E3, Is Required for Proliferation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
2008 49: 5611-5618. First Published on July 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1698.
The work in this manuscript links a specific ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBE2E3) to the proliferative capacity of RPE cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Yun-Chieh Chang and Chuan-Chin Chiao

Localization and Functional Mapping of AMPA Receptor Subunits in the Developing Rabbit Retina
2008 49: 5619-5628. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1565.
This study shows that AMPA glutamate receptors express and function before synapse formation early in the developing rabbit retina.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Akio Oishi, Atsushi Otani, Manabu Sasahara, Hiroshi Kojima, Hajime Nakamura, Yuko Yodoi, and Nagahisa Yoshimura

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Protects Retinal Photoreceptor Cells against Light-Induced Damage
2008 49: 5629-5635. First Published on August 1 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1711.
The authors investigated a neuroprotective role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in light-induced retinal cell damage and found the protective effect possibly through G-CSF receptor expressed on retinal cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Neurophysiology:

Shigeki Machida, Yoshiharu Toba, Aki Ohtaki, Yasutaka Gotoh, Muneyoshi Kaneko, and Daijiro Kurosaka

Photopic Negative Response of Focal Electoretinograms in Glaucomatous Eyes
2008 49: 5636-5644. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1946.
The authors report clinical importance of the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the focal electroretinogram for diagnosing glaucoma. The high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate glaucoma from normal controls suggested that the focal PhNR could be used to detect functional loss in glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics:

Minghan Chen and Geunyoung Yoon

Posterior Corneal Aberrations and Their Compensation Effects on Anterior Corneal Aberrations in Keratoconic Eyes
2008 49: 5645-5652. First Published on July 18 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1874.
This study investigated the posterior corneal aberration in keratoconic eyes and how it partially compensates for the anterior corneal aberration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Thank You to Reviewers:

REVIEWERS
2008 49: 5653-5658. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Author Index to Volume 49:

2008 Author Index
2008 49: 5659-5673. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Subject Index to Volume 49:

2008 Subject Index
2008 49: 5674-5706. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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