Clinical Trials:

Kristian Krøyer, Ulrik Christensen, Michael Larsen, and Morten la Cour

Quantification of Metamorphopsia in Patients with Macular Hole
2008 49: 3741-3746. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1452.
This study provides new insight to metamorphopsia in macular hole: Psychophysical testing suggests that metamorphopsia extends beyond the area of the hole itself.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anatomy and Pathology:

Li-Fang Hung, Ramkumar Ramamirtham, Juan Huang, Ying Qiao-Grider, and Earl L. Smith, III

Peripheral Refraction in Normal Infant Rhesus Monkeys
2008 49: 3747-3757. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1493.
This study, which provides longitudinal data on peripheral refractions in infant primates, demonstrates that emmetropization occurs for both central and peripheral refractive errors.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

Manon Gaudreault, François Vigneault, Marie-Eve Gingras, Steeve Leclerc, Patrick Carrier, Lucie Germain, and Sylvain L. Guérin

Transcriptional Regulation of the Human 6 Integrin Gene by the Transcription Factor NFI during Corneal Wound Healing
2008 49: 3758-3767. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1913.
This study demonstrates the laminin-regulated repression of the human 6 integrin subunit gene by the transcription factor NFI in corneal epithelial cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ching Yan Lam, Pancy O. S. Tam, Dorothy S. P. Fan, Bao Jian Fan, Dan Yi Wang, Coral W. S. Lee, Chi Pui Pang, and Dennis S. C. Lam

A Genome-wide Scan Maps a Novel High Myopia Locus to 5p15
2008 49: 3768-3778. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1126.
This paper describes a high myopia locus mapped on chromosome 5p15.33-p15.2.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Igor A. Butovich

On the Lipid Composition of Human Meibum and Tears: Comparative Analysis of Nonpolar Lipids
2008 49: 3779-3789. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1889.
Similarities and differences between meibomian gland secretions and aqueous tears have been studied by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and discussed in the paper.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nelly Buron, Leslie Guery, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Pierre-Olivier Lafontaine, Alain Bron, Marie-Christine Rio, and Eric Solary

Trefoil Factor TFF1-Induced Protection of Conjunctival Cells from Apoptosis at Premitochondrial and Postmitochondrial Levels
2008 49: 3790-3798. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1270.
TFF1 (Trefoil factor 1), a small protease-resistant peptide whose secretion by goblet cells of the conjunctival epithelium increases in inflammatory conditions, is demonstrated to protect conjunctival cells from apoptosis induced by UV irradiation and benzalkonium chloride. TFF1 and related peptides deserve to be tested as protective agents in ocular surface disorders.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Zi-Bing Jin, Michiko Mandai, Kohei Homma, Chie Ishigami, Yasuhiko Hirami, Nobuhisa Nao-i, and Masayo Takahashi

Allelic Copy Number Variation in FSCN2 Detected Using Allele-Specific Genotyping and Multiplex Real-Time PCRs
2008 49: 3799-3805. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1656.
Among the four patients and three healthy individuals carrying a c.72delG mutation in FSCN2 gene, a severely affected RP patient was demonstrated to have a 4:1 (wild-type/mutant) pattern of allelic copy number variation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Irene A. Barbazetto, Miia Room, Nicholas A. Yannuzzi, Gaetano R. Barile, Joanna E. Merriam, Anne M. C. Bardal, K. Bailey Freund, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, and Rando Allikmets

ATM Gene Variants in Patients with Idiopathic Perifoveal Telangiectasia
2008 49: 3806-3811. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1357.
This article describes a significant association of variants in the ATM gene with idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia (now called macular telangiectasia).
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ross Collery, Sarah McLoughlin, Victor Vendrell, Jennifer Finnegan, John W. Crabb, John C. Saari, and Breandán N. Kennedy

Duplication and Divergence of Zebrafish CRALBP Genes Uncovers Novel Role for RPE- and Müller-CRALBP in Cone Vision
2008 49: 3812-3820. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1957.
Duplicate zebrafish CRALBP genes, which are expressed in RPE cells and Mu"ller cells, respectively, offer a unique opportunity to examine the roles of CRALBP in each cell type; and are both found to contribute to the cone visual cycle.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Roxana A. Radu, Quan Yuan, Jane Hu, Jennifer H. Peng, Marcia Lloyd, Steven Nusinowitz, Dean Bok, and Gabriel H. Travis

Accelerated Accumulation of Lipofuscin Pigments in the RPE of a Mouse Model for ABCA4-Mediated Retinal Dystrophies following Vitamin A Supplementation
2008 49: 3821-3829. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1470.
This study examines the effects of vitamin A supplementation in an animal model for Stargardt macular degeneration, recessive cone-rod dystrophy, and recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Moderate vitamin A supplementation significantly accelerated accumulation of toxic lipofuscin pigments in abca4 mutant mice, suggesting that vitamin A should be prescribed cautiously in patients with maculopathies or retinopathies due to mutations in this gene.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

John J. Graziotto, Chris F. Inglehearn, Michael A. Pack, and Eric A. Pierce

Decreased Levels of the RNA Splicing Factor Prpf3 in Mice and Zebrafish Do Not Cause Photoreceptor Degeneration
2008 49: 3830-3838. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1483.
The models described in this paper suggest that RP18 is not a result of haploinsufficiency, but instead arises from a toxic gain of function due to missense mutations in PRPF3.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research:

Nedal H. Arar, Barry I. Freedman, Sharon G. Adler, Sudha K. Iyengar, Emily Y. Chew, Mathew D. Davis, Scott G. Satko, Donald W. Bowden, Ravi Duggirala, Robert C. Elston, Xiuxing Guo, Robert L. Hanson, Robert P. Igo, Jr, Eli Ipp, Paul L. Kimmel, William C. Knowler, Julio Molineros, Robert G. Nelson, Madeleine V. Pahl, Shannon R. E. Quade, Rebekah S. Rasooly, Jerome I. Rotter, Mohammed F. Saad, Marina Scavini, Jeffrey R. Schelling, John R. Sedor, Vallabh O. Shah, Philip G. Zager, Hanna E. Abboud on behalf of the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research Group

Heritability of the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy: The FIND-Eye Study
2008 49: 3839-3845.
This paper confirms that the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) parallels the presence and severity of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus and that the severity of DR appears to be under significant familial influence control in members of multiplex diabetic families.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sunny Y. Shen, Tien Y. Wong, Paul J. Foster, Jing-Liang Loo, Mohamad Rosman, Seng-Chee Loon, Wan Ling Wong, Seang-Mei Saw, and Tin Aung

The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in Malay People: The Singapore Malay Eye Study
2008 49: 3846-3851. First Published on April 25 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1759.
The prevalence of glaucoma among Malay persons 40 years and older in Singapore is 3.4%, with primary open-angle glaucoma the main form of glaucoma in this population.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Laurence Lim, Gus Gazzard, Yiong-Huak Chan, Allan Fong, Aachal Kotecha, Ee-Ling Sim, Donald Tan, Louis Tong, and Seang-Mei Saw

Cornea Biomechanical Characteristics and Their Correlates with Refractive Error in Singaporean Children
2008 49: 3852-3857. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1670.
This study assesses the possible relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and refractive error.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jenny M. Ip, Kathryn A. Rose, Ian G. Morgan, George Burlutsky, and Paul Mitchell

Myopia and the Urban Environment: Findings in a Sample of 12-Year-Old Australian School Children
2008 49: 3858-3863. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1451.
This study, using a novel approach to examining the well-described city-rural differences in myopia, provides data on the topic of childhood myopia and associations with the urban environment.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lynn L. Huang, Hanna R. Coleman, Jonghyeon Kim, Francisco de Monasterio, Wai T. Wong, Rosemary L. Schleicher, Frederick L. Ferris, III, and Emily Y. Chew

Oral Supplementation of Lutein/Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Persons Aged 60 Years or Older, with or without AMD
2008 49: 3864-3869. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1420.
This study shows that the combination of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation did not affect the serum levels of lutein/zeaxanthin in persons with or without age-related macular degeneration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cornea:

Charles Q. Yu, Min Zhang, Krisztina I. Matis, Charles Kim, and Mark I. Rosenblatt

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates Corneal Nerve Repair
2008 49: 3870-3878. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1418.
This study provides evidence that VEGF plays a role in mediating corneal nerve regeneration following injury in addition to its known role as an angiogenic factor.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ying-Ting Zhu, Yasutaka Hayashida, Ahmad Kheirkhah, Hua He, Szu-Yu Chen, and Scheffer C. G. Tseng

Characterization and Comparison of Intercellular Adherent Junctions Expressed by Human Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro
2008 49: 3879-3886. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1693.
Restoration of the in vivo cytolocalization pattern of various intercellular adherent junction components correlates with the mitotic decline of human corneal endothelial proliferation in vitro.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kimberley Merrett, Per Fagerholm, Christopher R. McLaughlin, Subhadra Dravida, Neil Lagali, Naoshi Shinozaki, Mitchell A. Watsky, Rejean Munger, Yasuhiro Kato, Fengfu Li, Christopher J. Marmo, and May Griffith

Tissue-Engineered Recombinant Human Collagen-Based Corneal Substitutes for Implantation: Performance of Type I versus Type III Collagen
2008 49: 3887-3894. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1348.
The authors implanted biomimetic corneal implants from human recombinant human collagen types I and III into pigs, and report that both are comparable in promoting regeneration of corneal cells and nerves.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Neil Lagali, May Griffith, Per Fagerholm, Kimberley Merrett, Melissa Huynh, and Rejean Munger

Innervation of Tissue-Engineered Recombinant Human Collagen-Based Corneal Substitutes: A Comparative In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study
2008 49: 3895-3902. First Published on April 11 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1354.
In this paper, new-generation biosynthetic cornea substitutes free of animal-derived components are shown to provide a favorable environment for host nerve regeneration in vivo in pigs, with nerve in-growth comparable to levels found in porcine allografts one year postimplantation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Magdalena Krulova, Katerina Pokorna, Anna Lencova, Jan Fric, Alena Zajicova, Martin Filipec, John V. Forrester, and Vladimir Holan

A Rapid Separation of Two Distinct Populations of Mouse Corneal Epithelial Cells with Limbal Stem Cell Characteristics by Centrifugation on Percoll Gradient
2008 49: 3903-3908. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1987.
This paper describes isolation and harvest of mouse limbal stem cells and shows two distinct populations of limbal stem cells separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Pouya Pakneshan, Amy E. Birsner, Irit Adini, Christian M. Becker, and Robert J. D'Amato

Differential Suppression of Vascular Permeability and Corneal Angiogenesis by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
2008 49: 3909-3913. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1527.
This paper examines the effect of NSAIDs on ocular neovascularization and permeability and shows that while most NSAIDS are effective in suppressing vascular leak, there exists a differential efficacy at suppressing the angiogenic response of specific cytokines such as bFGF or VEGF.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jessica H. Mathew, Jan P. G. Bergmanson, and Michael J. Doughty

Fine Structure of the Interface between the Anterior Limiting Lamina and the Anterior Stromal Fibrils of the Human Cornea
2008 49: 3914-3918.
The interface between the corneal anterior limiting lamina and stroma was detailed ultrastructurally and revealed that the two tissues overlapped minimally and that anterior lamellae terminated in central cornea without bridging limbus to limbus.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dianne H. Glass, Cynthia J. Roberts, Alan S. Litsky, and Paul A. Weber

A Viscoelastic Biomechanical Model of the Cornea Describing the Effect of Viscosity and Elasticity on Hysteresis
2008 49: 3919-3926. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1321.
This paper proposes a model that separates corneal hysteresis into its elastic and viscous components.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology:

Jing Tian, Xiaoyan Shan, Howard S. Ying, Mark F. Walker, Rafael J. Tamargo, and David S. Zee

The Effect of Acute Superior Oblique Palsy on Vertical Pursuit in Monkeys
2008 49: 3927-3932. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1699.
Rhesus monkeys with acute acquired SOP show characteristic changes in vertical pursuit with deficits for both upward and downward tracking, which will help provide a frame of reference for interpreting the ocular motor deficits in human patients with vertical strabismus.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lin Wang, Liancheng Yang, and Gislin Dagnelie

Initiation and Stability of Pursuit Eye Movements in Simulated Retinal Prosthesis at Different Implant Locations
2008 49: 3933-3939. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1346.
This study investigated oculomotor functions in simulated prosthetic vision.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ruxandra Sireteanu, Claudia C. Bäumer, and Adrian Iftime

Temporal Instability in Amblyopic Vision: Relationship to a Displacement Map of Visual Space
2008 49: 3940-3954.
Temporal instability of the visual percept in amblyopic eyes is related to an increased uncertainty in the perception of spatial location.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Glaucoma:

Tobias Meyer-ter-Vehn, Barbara Katzenberger, Hong Han, Franz Grehn, and Günther Schlunck

Lovastatin Inhibits TGF-β–Induced Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation in Human Tenon Fibroblasts
2008 49: 3955-3960. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1610.
Lovastatin, a well known cholesterol lowering agent which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, blocks TGF-β- driven myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and may therefore serve also as a future antifibrotic drug.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Paloma B. Liton, Yizhi Lin, Coralia Luna, Guorong Li, Pedro Gonzalez, and David L. Epstein

Cultured Porcine Trabecular Meshwork Cells Display Altered Lysosomal Function When Subjected to Chronic Oxidative Stress
2008 49: 3961-3969. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1915.
The authors describe an impairment of the lysosomal function in trabecular meshwork cells when exposed to chronic oxidative stress and validate hyperoxia as an experimental model for aging of trabecular meshwork cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Alessandro Poli, Nicholas G. Strouthidis, Tuan A. Ho, and David F. Garway-Heath

Analysis of HRT Images: Comparison of Reference Planes
2008 49: 3970-3975. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1764.
The new Moorfields reference plane reduces measurement variability in longitudinal series of Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph images.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mineo Ozaki, Kelvin Y. C. Lee, Eranga N. Vithana, Victor H. Yong, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Takanori Mizoguchi, Anandalakshmi Venkatraman, and Tin Aung

Association of LOXL1 Gene Polymorphisms with Pseudoexfoliation in the Japanese
2008 49: 3976-3980. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1805.
Polymorphisms in the LOXL1 gene confer risk to pseudoexfoliation in the Japanese, but there are different risk-associated alleles and haplotypes in the Japanese compared to other populations.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Inbal Michael, Michael Shmoish, David S. Walton, and Shulamit Levenberg

Interactions between Trabecular Meshwork Cells and Lens Epithelial Cells: A Possible Mechanism in Infantile Aphakic Glaucoma
2008 49: 3981-3987. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1674.
The authors found that exposure of TM cells to LECs in culture induced morphological, protein and gene expression alternations, many of them resembling alternations seen in primary open-angle glaucoma. This strengthens the suspected role of LECs in the development of aphakic glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Material  

Immunology and Microbiology:

Diana Simon, Alastair K. O. Denniston, Paul J. Tomlins, Graham R. Wallace, Saaeha Rauz, Mike Salmon, Philip I. Murray, and S. John Curnow

Soluble gp130, an Antagonist of IL-6 Transsignaling, Is Elevated in Uveitis Aqueous Humor
2008 49: 3988-3991. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1953.
The authors show in this paper that soluble gp130, an inhibitor of IL-6 transsignaling, is elevated in the aqueous humor of patients with active uveitis but is still below the levels found in the serum, suggesting that elevating levels of this natural antagonist may be of therapeutic benefit.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ellen B. Cook, James L. Stahl, Frank M. Graziano, and Neal P. Barney

Regulation of the Receptor for TNF, TNFR1, in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells
2008 49: 3992-3998. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1873.
The authors found that TNF-Converting Enzyme (TACE) promotes TNFR1 shedding in human conjunctival epithelial cells and that TNFR1 expression may be a more significant target than TNF for intervention in ocular inflammation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yan Ke, Guomin Jiang, Deming Sun, Henry J. Kaplan, and Hui Shao

Ocular Regulatory T Cells Distinguish Monophasic from Recurrent Autoimmune Uveitis
2008 49: 3999-4007. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1468.
This study demonstrates that dysregulation and malfunction of Tregs in the eye is an important factor in uveitis recurrence.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ben J. E. Raveney, Claire Richards, Marie-Laure Aknin, David A. Copland, Bronwen R. Burton, Emma Kerr, Lindsay B. Nicholson, Neil A. Williams, and Andrew D. Dick

The B Subunit of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Inhibits Th1 but Not Th17 Cell Responses in Established Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis
2008 49: 4008-4017. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1848.
The dynamic nature of Th1- and Th17-dependent immune responses during EAU, the correlate of uveitis, is such that immunomodulatory intervention, in this case EtxB, may elicit different effects on disease when administered at different time points, and thus diverting inhibiting Th1 responses may not always be desirable.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mei Zheng, Mark A. Fields, Yi Liu, Heather Cathcart, Elizabeth Richter, and Sally S. Atherton

Neutrophils Protect the Retina of the Injected Eye from Infection after Anterior Chamber Inoculation of HSV-1 in BALB/c Mice
2008 49: 4018-4025. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1914.
This paper suggests that PMNs play an important role both in limiting the intraocular spread of virus in the injected eye and in controlling the spread of the virus from the brain into the optic nerve and retina of the injected eye.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jihan Akhtar, Vaibhav Tiwari, Myung-Jin Oh, Maria Kovacs, Aarti Jani, S. Krisztian Kovacs, Tibor Valyi-Nagy, and Deepak Shukla

HVEM and Nectin-1 Are the Major Mediators of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Entry into Human Conjunctival Epithelium
2008 49: 4026-4035. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1807.
This paper describes the discovery of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that facilitate herpes simplex virus-1 entry into human conjunctival cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movie  

Physiology and Pharmacology:

Suresh Kumar Gupta, Renu Agarwal, Sushma Srivastava, Puneet Agarwal, Shyam Sunder Agrawal, Rohit Saxena, and Niranjan Galpalli

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcuma longa and Berberis aristata in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rabbits
2008 49: 4036-4040. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1186.
Described in this paper, topical instillation of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa and Berberis aristata showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbits.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Owen A. Anderson, Timothy L. Jackson, Jasmin K. Singh, Ali A. Hussain, and John Marshall

Human Transscleral Albumin Permeability and the Effect of Topographical Location and Donor Age
2008 49: 4041-4045. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1660.
This paper quantifies human transscleral albumin permeability and assesses how this varies with regard to topographical location and donor age.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anton Hommer, Gabriele Fuchsjäger-Mayrl, Hemma Resch, Clemens Vass, Gerhard Garhofer, and Leopold Schmetterer

Estimation of Ocular Rigidity Based on Measurement of Pulse Amplitude Using Pneumotonometry and Fundus Pulse Using Laser Interferometry in Glaucoma
2008 49: 4046-4050. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1342.
This study indicates increased ocular rigidity in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, which is compatible with a number of previous animal experiments and supports the concepts that the biomechanical properties of ocular tissues play a role in the disease process.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retina:

Lohrasb Ahmadian and Robert Massof

Does Functional Vision Behave Differently in Low-Vision Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy?—A Case-Matched Study
2008 49: 4051-4057. First Published on June 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1507.
Using a Rasch-scaled outcome measurement model, this study provides a quantitative description of the relationship between disease characteristics and functional vision impairment in low-vision patients.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alison L. Reynolds, Michael Danciger, G. Jane Farrar, Peter Humphries, and Paul F. Kenna

Influence of a Quantitative Trait Locus on Mouse Chromosome 19 to the Light-Adapted Electroretinogram
2008 49: 4058-4063. First Published on March 14 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1620.
This study investigates phenotypic variation in the wild-type mouse electroretinogram and localizes the genetic variation controlling the electroretinogram to a single genomic locus on chromosome 19.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michael F. Chiang, Rony Gelman, Steven L. Williams, Joo-Yeon Lee, Daniel S. Casper, M. Elena Martinez-Perez, and John T. Flynn

Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Development of Composite Images by Quantification of Expert Opinion
2008 49: 4064-4070. First Published on April 11 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1524.
Computer-based image analysis permits quantification of retinal vascular features in retinopathy of prematurity, and selection of appropriate vessels from multiple images can produce composite plus disease images corresponding to expert opinions at varying levels of disease severity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert B. Bhisitkul, Bryan J. Winn, On-Tat Lee, Joshua Wong, Daniel de Souza Pereira, Travis C. Porco, Xining He, Paul Hahn, and Joshua L. Dunaief

Neuroprotective Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide against Photoreceptor Apoptosis in a Rabbit Model of Subretinal Hemorrhage
2008 49: 4071-4077. First Published on April 17 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1892.
In a rabbit model, subretinal hemorrhage is seen to induce photoreceptor apoptosis; intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide at standard concentrations is partially protective against this apoptotic photoreceptor cell death.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Shikun He, Youxin Chen, Rima Khankan, Ernesto Barron, Richard Burton, DanHong Zhu, Stephen J. Ryan, Noelynn Oliver, and David R. Hinton

Connective Tissue Growth Factor as a Mediator of Intraocular Fibrosis
2008 49: 4078-4088. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1302.
This study demonstrates that recombinant human connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator of retinal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo and suggests that CTGF may be an effective therapeutic target for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Theodorus L. Ponsioen, Marja J. A. van Luyn, Roelofje J. van der Worp, Jan C. van Meurs, Johanna M. M. Hooymans, and Leonoor I. Los

Collagen Distribution in the Human Vitreoretinal Interface
2008 49: 4089-4095. First Published on April 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1456.
The authors studied collagens at the human vitreoretinal interface possibly involved in vitreoretinal attachment and observed collagen types II, V, IX, and XI in the vitreous cortex, collagen types IV, VI, and XVIII at the ILM, collagen types I-VI and XVIII in retinal blood vessels, and, surprisingly, collagen type VII in a unique pattern in the superficial retina.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Charlotte M. Poloschek, Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem, Lutz L. Hansen, Michael Bach, and Wolfgang Berger

Syndromic Choroideremia: Sublocalization of Phenotypes Associated with Martin-Probst Deafness Mental Retardation Syndrome
2008 49: 4096-4104. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2044.
Two choroideremia (CHM) families are described with unprecedented large deletions, still expressing a mild syndromic phenotype that is sublocalized to the most proximal region of X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy and Martin-Probst deafness mental retardation syndrome. Furthermore, a fundus autofluorescence pattern specific to CHM carriers is identified that will help to distinguish them from carriers of other X-linked recessive carrier states.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christina Zeitz, Alecia K. Gross, Dorothee Leifert, Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem, Suzanne D. McAlear, Johannes Lemke, John Neidhardt, and Wolfgang Berger

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Rhodopsin Mutation Associated with Autosomal Dominant CSNB
2008 49: 4105-4114. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1717.
The authors describe the identification of a novel rhodopsin mutation (p.Ala295Val), which leads to autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness (adCSNB) in a family with a unique electroretinogram compared to other adCSNB families with rhodopsin mutations. However, this mutant opsin also is able to constitutively activate transducin, which is a consistent and common feature of CSNB-associated rhodopsin mutations.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lidan Cong, Dawei Sun, Zhongyu Zhang, Wanqiu Jiao, Lawrence J. Rizzolo, and Shaomin Peng

A Novel Rabbit Model for Studying RPE Transplantation
2008 49: 4115-4125. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1976.
This study describes a rabbit model of RPE transplantation that includes superior cultures of RPE, a novel labeling method for long-term monitoring of the transplants, and a less traumatic transplantation procedure.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kasmir Ramo, Siobhan M. Cashman, and Rajendra Kumar-Singh

Evaluation of Adenovirus-Delivered Human CD59 as a Potential Therapy for AMD in a Model of Human Membrane Attack Complex Formation on Murine RPE
2008 49: 4126-4136. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2025.
This manuscript describes a gene therapy approach that may potentially have application in the treatment of the early (dry) stages of age-related macular degeneration. A humanized model of complement deposition on murine ocular tissues has been developed and gene delivery of human CD59 used to demonstrate protection against formation of human membrane attack complex (MAC) on murine RPE cells in vivo.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Material  

Monika Fleckenstein, Peter Charbel Issa, Hans-Martin Helb, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Robert P. Finger, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Karin U. Loeffler, and Frank G. Holz

High-Resolution Spectral Domain-OCT Imaging in Geographic Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2008 49: 4137-4144. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1967.
This paper demonstrates a wide spectrum of distinct microstructural alterations imaged with spectral-domain OCT in eyes with late atrophic AMD in (i) the perilesional zone, (ii) the junction between atrophic patches and nonatrophic retina, and (iii) the atrophic area itself.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retinal Cell Biology:

Lina Liang, Run-Tao Yan, Xiumei Li, Melissa Chimento, and Shu-Zhen Wang

Reprogramming Progeny Cells of Embryonic RPE to Produce Photoreceptors: Development of Advanced Photoreceptor Traits under the Induction of neuroD
2008 49: 4145-4153. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1380.
Cultured RPE cells are guided by neuroD to differentiate into cells displaying advanced photoreceptor traits, such as decreasing their Ca²⁺ levels in response to light.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sylvia B. Smith, Jennifer Duplantier, Ying Dun, Barbara Mysona, Penny Roon, Pamela M. Martin, and Vadivel Ganapathy

In Vivo Protection against Retinal Neurodegeneration by Sigma Receptor 1 Ligand (+)-Pentazocine
2008 49: 4154-4161. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1824.
This study describes the profound protection by the sigma receptor 1 ligand (+)-pentazocine against neuronal loss in the retinas of diabetic Ins2^Akita/+ mice.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hiroki Kaneko, Koji M. Nishiguchi, Makoto Nakamura, Shu Kachi, and Hiroko Terasaki

Characteristics of Bone Marrow–Derived Microglia in the Normal and Injured Retina
2008 49: 4162-4168. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1738.
The authors found that bone marrow-derived cells migrated into the degenerating retina from the optic nerve, ciliary body, and retinal vessels, where they differentiated into microglia and became immunologically active.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Jung Eun Lee, Katharine J. Liang, Robert N. Fariss, and Wai T. Wong

Ex Vivo Dynamic Imaging of Retinal Microglia Using Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy
2008 49: 4169-4176. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2076.
Microglial behavior is highly regulated by, and immediately responsive to, focal tissue injury and may constitute a therapeutic cellular response to focal laser photocoagulation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Movies  

Aurora M. Fontainhas and Ellen Townes-Anderson

RhoA and Its Role in Synaptic Structural Plasticity of Isolated Salamander Photoreceptors
2008 49: 4177-4187. First Published on May 23 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1580.
This paper investigates the presence of RhoA in photoreceptors and the role it plays in the structural changes observed in photoreceptors during retraction and regeneration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Silvia Corrochano, Rima Barhoum, Patricia Boya, Ana I. Arroba, Natalia Rodríguez-Muela, Violeta Gómez-Vicente, Fátima Bosch, Flora de Pablo, Pedro de la Villa, and Enrique J. de la Rosa

Attenuation of Vision Loss and Delay in Apoptosis of Photoreceptors Induced by Proinsulin in a Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa
2008 49: 4188-4194. First Published on May 30 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2182.
Proinsulin, an embryonic growth factor transgenically produced in the muscle of rd10 mice, was able to delay the process of programmed cell death and temporarily maintained the structure of the retina and the visual function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Michael H. Davies, Andrew J. Stempel, and Michael R. Powers

MCP-1 Deficiency Delays Regression of Pathologic Retinal Neovascularization in a Model of Ischemic Retinopathy
2008 49: 4195-4202. First Published on May 16 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1491.
Infiltrating macrophages help control retinal neovascularization via apoptosis in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lin Xie, Xiaobo Zhu, Yiqun Hu, Tao Li, Yi Gao, Yu Shi, and Shibo Tang

Mitochondrial DNA Oxidative Damage Triggering Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in High Glucose-Induced HRECs
2008 49: 4203-4209. First Published on June 6 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1364.
MtDNA oxidative damage found in high glucose-treated HRECs could trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by setting in motion the vicious cycle of mtDNA damage leading to ROS overproduction and further mtDNA damage.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics:

Peter M. Allen, James M. Gilchrist, and Jarrod Hollis

Use of Visual Search in the Assessment of Pattern-Related Visual Stress (PRVS) and Its Alleviation by Colored Filters
2008 49: 4210-4218. First Published on May 9 2008 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1587.
The study measures performance with a high-difficulty search task in individuals having low- and high-PRVS susceptibility and shows that individuals with high-PRVS susceptibility experienced significantly greater improvement in reading performance using a colored overlay than those with low-PRVS susceptibility. The authors confirmed that visual search measures may be helpful in the assessment of PRVS, but a number of important methodological issues may limit their application in this context.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum:

ERRATUM
2008 49: 3811. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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