Clinical Trials:

Mário L. R. Monteiro, Leonardo P. Cunha, Luciana V. F. Costa-Cunha, Otacílio O. Maia, Jr, and Maria K. Oyamada

Relationship between Optical Coherence Tomography, Pattern Electroretinogram and Automated Perimetry in Eyes with Temporal Hemianopia from Chiasmal Compression
2009 50: 3535-3541. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3093.
Patients with temporal hemianopia from long-standing chiasmal compression have a unique model of retinal neural loss with atrophy of neural structures from the nasal hemiretina and relative preservation of the temporal hemiretina. This is an investigation of such patients with standard automated perimetry, macular and retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (OCT) thickness measurements, and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) with full-field and hemifield (nasal and temporal) stimulation. The authors found that PERG amplitude and OCT thickness measurements were significantly related to visual field loss, but not to each other. The authors concluded that OCT and PERG quantify neuronal loss differently, but both technologies are useful in understanding structure–function relationship in patients with chiasmal compression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anatomy and Pathology:

Lilian Shelton and Jody A. Summers Rada

Inhibition of Human Scleral Fibroblast Cell Attachment to Collagen Type I by TGFBIp
2009 50: 3542-3552. First Published on April 22 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3460.
Changes in scleral levels of TGFBIp may act to regulate ocular elongation via modulation of cell–matrix interactions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Louisa Wickham, Fred K. Chen, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Germit S. Uppal, Magella M. Neveu, Genevieve A. Wright, Anthony G. Robson, Andrew R. Webster, Iain Grierson, Paul Hiscott, Peter J. Coffey, Graham E. Holder, Steven K. Fisher, and Lyndon Da Cruz

Clinicopathological Case Series of Four Patients with Inherited Macular Disease
2009 50: 3553-3561. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2715.
This paper represents the first opportunity to study relatively well-preserved retinas from patients with inherited retinal disease involving the macula.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Carolina Jaliffa, Ilhame Ameqrane, Anouk Dansault, Julia Leemput, Véronique Vieira, Emmanuelle Lacassagne, Alexandra Provost, Karine Bigot, Christel Masson, Maurice Menasche, and Marc Abitbol

Sirt1 Involvement in rd10 Mouse Retinal Degeneration
2009 50: 3562-3572. First Published on April 30 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2817.
Sirtuins are NAD⁺-dependent histone deacetylases known for their prominent role in longevity and calorie restriction, especially Sirt1. These enzymes have many functions, making them vital factors in cell survival and normal functioning. Recently, the direct role of Sirt1 in DNA repair has been unequivocally demonstrated. A major question recently arose concerning the link between organismal longevity, cellular longevity, and DNA repair mechanisms. The solution to the question would have an obvious impact on the understanding of the pathophysiology of inherited retinal degenerations, such as that in rd10 mice. This paper provides the first link ever established between SIRT1, apoptosis, and a mouse model of an inherited retinal degeneration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

Yoko A. Ito, Tim K. Footz, Fred B. Berry, Farideh Mirzayans, May Yu, Arif O. Khan, and Michael A. Walter

Severe Molecular Defects of a Novel FOXC1 W152G Mutation Result in Aniridia
2009 50: 3573-3579. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3032.
The novel FOXC1 W152G mutation reported in this article is unique because this mutation was identified in a patient with aniridia and congenital glaucoma. Molecular analysis of this mutation revealed severe defects in the mutant protein.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh, Novrouz B. Akhmedov, Clyde K. Yamashita, Yekaterina Gribanova, Veena Theendakara, Emmanuel Mendoza, Stanley F. Nelson, Alexander V. Ljubimov, and Debora B. Farber

ZBED4, a BED-Type Zinc-Finger Protein in the Cones of the Human Retina
2009 50: 3580-3588. First Published on April 15 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2751.
ZBED4 is a novel protein expressed in cones and Müller cells of the human retina that has several features of a nuclear regulatory protein. The ZBED4 gene is another candidate gene to screen for mutations in the DNA of patients affected with cone dystrophies.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Chunhe Chen, Lorie R. Blakeley, and Yiannis Koutalos

Formation of all-trans Retinol after Visual Pigment Bleaching in Mouse Photoreceptors
2009 50: 3589-3595. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3336.
Retinol formation was measured after visual pigment bleaching in single mouse rod and Nrl^–/– photoreceptors. The rate of retinol formation was faster than the rate of visual pigment regeneration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Massimo Dal Monte, Chiara Ristori, Maurizio Cammalleri, and Paola Bagnoli

Effects of Somatostatin Analogues on Retinal Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy: Involvement of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2
2009 50: 3596-3606. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3412.
There is general agreement that somatostatin may contrast neovascularization associated with retinopathies, although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. This study shows that somatostatin analogues acting at somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2) influence retinal vascularization and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGFR-1 and -2 in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. The results support the hypothesis that the development of a specific sst2 pharmacology can be a powerful tool in the therapeutic treatment of retinopathies.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Karunakaran Coral, Narayanasamy Angayarkanni, Narayanan Gomathy, Muthuvel Bharathselvi, Rishi Pukhraj, and Roy Rupak

Homocysteine Levels in the Vitreous of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Its Modulating Role on Lysyl Oxidase
2009 50: 3607-3612. First Published on April 15 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2667.
Increased homocysteine in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is associated with a significant decrease in the specific activity of lysyl oxidase and an increase in collagen turnover.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Haibin Tian, Yan Lu, Alexander M. Sherwood, Dawuti Hongqian, and Song Hong

Resolvins E1 and D1 in Choroid-Retinal Endothelial Cells and Leukocytes: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Actions
2009 50: 3613-3620. First Published on May 14 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3146.
The interplay of choroid retinal endothelial cells and leukocytes under inflammatory conditions transfer omega-3 fatty acids to the resolvins E1 and D1, respectively. These resolvins, in turn, reduce the expression of inflammatory signaling molecules and activity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research:

Mohamad Rosman, Tien Y. Wong, Wan-Ting Tay, Louis Tong, and Seang-Mei Saw

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undercorrected Refractive Errors among Singaporean Malay Adults: The Singapore Malay Eye Study
2009 50: 3621-3628. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2788.
This article describes the prevalence and risk factors of undercorrected refractive errors among Singaporean Malay adults.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ivan J. Suñer, Gregg T. Kokame, Elaine Yu, James Ward, Chantal Dolan, and Neil M. Bressler

Responsiveness of NEI VFQ-25 to Changes in Visual Acuity in Neovascular AMD: Validation Studies from Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials
2009 50: 3629-3635. First Published on February 28 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3225.
The NEI VFQ-25 is responsive to visual acuity changes in patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. An increase of four to six points in the NEI VFQ-25 composite score and the pre-specified subscales was associated with a 15-letter change in ETDRS visual acuity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures and Tables  

Frank Wan-kin Chan, Alex Hoi Fan, Fiona Yan-yan Wong, Philip Tsze-ho Lam, Eng-kiong Yeoh, Carrie Ho-kwan Yam, Sian Griffiths, Dennis Shun-chiu Lam, and Nathan Congdon

Waiting Time for Cataract Surgery and Its Influence on Patient Attitudes
2009 50: 3636-3642. First Published on January 10 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3025.
This study provides unique data on interaction between willingness to pay and waiting time for cataract surgery in Asia. Findings are relevant to the growing number of health care systems that rely on queues to ration eye care.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ahalya Subramanian and Shahina Pardhan

Repeatability of Reading Ability Indices in Subjects with Impaired Vision
2009 50: 3643-3647. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2823.
In this paper, the authors describe the repeatability of the popular MNREAD acuity charts in subjects with visual impairment and establish limits to predict clinical change in reading ability.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cornea:

Johanna Tukler Henriksson, Alison M. McDermott, and Jan P. G. Bergmanson

Dimensions and Morphology of the Cornea in Three Strains of Mice
2009 50: 3648-3654. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2941.
This study histologically investigates the dimensions and morphology of the overall cornea and its components, centrally and peripherally, in three commonly used strains of mice: BALB/c, C57BL/6, and 129/SVJ.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Maria V. Nurminskaya, Christopher J. Talbot, Dmitry I. Nurminsky, Kelly E. Beazley, and Thomas F. Linsenmayer

Nuclear Ferritin: A Ferritoid-Ferritin Complex in Corneal Epithelial Cells
2009 50: 3655-3661. First Published on February 28 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3170.
A novel ferritin complex is described in the nuclei of corneal epithelial cells. Its biochemical characteristics may relate to the ferritin-mediated protection against UV and oxidative damage to nuclear DNA in cornea.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jian Chen, Emily Guerriero, Yoshikazu Sado, and Nirmala SundarRaj

Rho-Mediated Regulation of TGF-β1– and FGF-2–Induced Activation of Corneal Stromal Keratocytes
2009 50: 3662-3670. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3276.
This paper describes the role of Rho signaling in the regulation of undesirable phenotypic changes in cultured corneal stromal keratocytes in response to growth factors and cytokines, similar to those occurring during corneal stromal wound healing.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Haixia Liu, Carolyn Begley, Minhua Chen, Arthur Bradley, Joseph Bonanno, Nancy A. McNamara, J. Daniel Nelson, and Trefford Simpson

A Link between Tear Instability and Hyperosmolarity in Dry Eye
2009 50: 3671-3679. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2689.
Although it is well accepted that dry eye tear film is hyperosmotic, there is a need to further understand the cause of hyperosmolarity and its effect on the ocular surface. This paper explored the possible link between tear instability and hyperosmolarity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Naoki Okumura, Morio Ueno, Noriko Koizumi, Yuji Sakamoto, Kana Hirata, Junji Hamuro, and Shigeru Kinoshita

Enhancement on Primate Corneal Endothelial Cell Survival In Vitro by a ROCK Inhibitor
2009 50: 3680-3687. First Published on April 22 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2634.
Inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling by the specific ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 promoted the adhesion of cultivated primate corneal endothelial cells, inhibited apoptosis, and increased the frequency of proliferating cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christian Meltendorf, Guido J. Burbach, Christian Ohrloff, Estifanos Ghebremedhin, and Thomas Deller

Intrastromal Keratotomy with Femtosecond Laser Avoids Profibrotic TGF-β1 Induction
2009 50: 3688-3695. First Published on April 22 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2699.
The authors compared an experimental situation in which injury to the corneal epithelium is completely avoided (fs laser treatment) with an experimental situation in which the corneal epithelium is injured in a defined and clearly reproducible fashion (PRK). Comparison of these two disparate experimental conditions led to the conclusion that epithelial injury is, in fact, critical in determining TGF-β1 expression.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Hidetoshi Tanioka, Norihiko Yokoi, Aoi Komuro, Takasumi Shimamoto, Satoshi Kawasaki, Akira Matsuda, and Shigeru Kinoshita

Investigation of the Corneal Filament in Filamentary Keratitis
2009 50: 3696-3702. First Published on May 14 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2938.
No studies have elucidated the composition of the corneal filament in detail. In this study, the authors used an immunohistochemical technique to clarify the exact composition of the corneal filament of filamentary keratitis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology:

Vallabh E. Das

Alternating Fixation and Saccade Behavior in Nonhuman Primates with Alternating Occlusion–Induced Exotropia
2009 50: 3703-3710. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2772.
This paper describes properties of alternating fixation behavior in a monkey model for strabismus.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dean R. Melmoth, Alison L. Finlay, Michael J. Morgan, and Simon Grant

Grasping Deficits and Adaptations in Adults with Stereo Vision Losses
2009 50: 3711-3720. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3229.
Brief (experimentally induced) and permanent (developmental) reductions in stereo acuity cause impairments in binocular grasping performance that depend on the duration of the losses, but not on their severity. Long-term stereo-deficiency is associated with increased reliance on nonvisual (somesthetic) information to control grip precision.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Tables  

Lawrence Yoo, Hansang Kim, Vijay Gupta, and Joseph L. Demer

Quasilinear Viscoelastic Behavior of Bovine Extraocular Muscle Tissue
2009 50: 3721-3728. First Published on April 8 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3245.
A quasilinear viscoelastic biomechanical model accurately describes the nonlinear, time-dependent behavior of all six bovine extraocular muscles under transient and repetitive loading conditions. Such a constitutive model is required for realistic finite element analysis of extraocular muscle behavior in the treatment of strabismus.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Glaucoma:

Xiao-Bo Yu, Joseph Miller, Paula K. Yu, Stephen J. Cringle, Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam, William H. Morgan, and Dao-Yi Yu

Ablation of Intraocular Tissue with Fiber-optic Probe–Delivered 266-nm and 213-nm Laser Energy
2009 50: 3729-3736. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3109.
This study demonstrated that fiber-optic–delivered 213-nm laser may be applied to new intraocular surgical techniques in vitreoretinal and glaucoma surgery.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nicholas G. Strouthidis, Stuart K. Gardiner, Christos Sinapis, Claude F. Burgoyne, and David F. Garway-Heath

The Spatial Pattern of Neuroretinal Rim Loss in Ocular Hypertension
2009 50: 3737-3742. First Published on April 8 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2844.
In this study, the authors investigated the pattern of neuroretinal rim area loss in a group of subjects with ocular hypertension examined prospectively with the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Li-Yun Jia, Bo Gong, Chi-Pui Pang, Yao Huang, Dennis Shun-Chiu Lam, Ningli Wang, and Gary Hin-Fai Yam

Correction of the Disease Phenotype of Myocilin-Causing Glaucoma by a Natural Osmolyte
2009 50: 3743-3749. First Published on February 21 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3151.
This study describes a possible therapy of misfolded mutant myocilin by a natural osmolyte to treat glaucoma.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Leah R. Band, Cameron L. Hall, Giles Richardson, Oliver E. Jensen, Jennifer H. Siggers, and Alexander J. E. Foss

Intracellular Flow in Optic Nerve Axons: A Mechanism for Cell Death in Glaucoma
2009 50: 3750-3758. First Published on April 30 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2396.
The authors investigated a potential mechanism for glaucomatous cell death, whereby elevated intraocular pressure creates a passive intracellular fluid flow within axons. Using a mathematical model, the authors demonstrated how this intracellular flow could locally deplete the ATP concentration, disrupting axonal transport and leading to cell death.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nikolaos Mavrakanas and Tarek Shaarawy

Outflow Facility in Isolated Porcine Eyes after Creation of an Intrascleral Canal by Injection of Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid
2009 50: 3759-3762. First Published on February 14 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2801.
A single ab externo intrascleral injection of stabilized, nonanimal, hyaluronic acid increases the outflow facility in isolated porcine eyes. This simple surgical technique for creating a microfistula to lower intraocular pressure could be promising if positive results can be reproduced for significant periods in humans.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Xianchai Lin, Minbin Yu, Kaili Wu, Hongzhi Yuan, and Hua Zhong

Effects of Pirfenidone on Proliferation, Migration, and Collagen Contraction of Human Tenon’s Fibroblasts In Vitro
2009 50: 3763-3770. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2815.
Pirfenidone, a novel antifibrotic agent, has inhibiting roles on proliferation, migration, and collagen contraction of human Tenon’s fibroblasts, and therefore may serve as a promising antiscarring agent for glaucoma filtration surgery.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ramez I. Haddadin, Dong-Jin Oh, Min Hyung Kang, Theodoros Filippopoulos, Meenakashi Gupta, Lois Hart, E. Helene Sage, and Douglas J. Rhee

SPARC-null Mice Exhibit Lower Intraocular Pressures
2009 50: 3771-3777. First Published on January 24 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2489.
SPARC-null mice demonstrate a lower intraocular pressure that is caused by enhanced aqueous drainage.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Immunology and Microbiology:

Fengqi An, Qing Li, Zhidan Tu, Hong Bu, Chi-Chao Chan, Rachel R. Caspi, and Feng Lin

Role of DAF in Protecting against T-Cell Autoreactivity that Leads to Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
2009 50: 3778-3782. First Published on May 14 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3264.
DAF, a cell surface complement regulator, is integrally involved in the pathogenesis of EAU. This finding could lead to new therapeutics against autoimmune posterior uveitis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Andrea L. Moyer, Raniyah T. Ramadan, Billy D. Novosad, Roger Astley, and Michelle C. Callegan

Bacillus cereus–Induced Permeability of the Blood–Ocular Barrier during Experimental Endophthalmitis
2009 50: 3783-3793. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3051.
B. cereus endophthalmitis causes explosive inflammation and rapid vision loss. This study analyzes blood–ocular barrier permeability and tight junction changes in the retina in response to infection.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Aihua Tang, Mary E. Marquart, Jonathan D. Fratkin, Clare C. McCormick, Armando R. Caballero, Hattie P. Gatlin, and Richard J. O'Callaghan

Properties of PASP: A Pseudomonas Protease Capable of Mediating Corneal Erosions
2009 50: 3794-3801. First Published on February 28 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3107.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa small protease (PASP) is commonly produced by P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, a finding different from the elastases or alkaline protease. Purified PASP can cleave collagen and cause corneal erosions.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jaafar El Annan, Sunil K. Chauhan, Tatiana Ecoiffier, Qiang Zhang, Daniel R. Saban, and Reza Dana

Characterization of Effector T Cells in Dry Eye Disease
2009 50: 3802-3807. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2417.
Dry eye disease induces a Th1 immune response in the lymphoid compartment.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lens:

Kevin F. Webb and Paul J. Donaldson

Whole-Cell Patch Clamping of Isolated Fiber Cells Confirms that Spatially Distinct Cl^– Influx and Efflux Pathways Exist in the Cortex of the Rat Lens
2009 50: 3808-3818. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2680.
Patch clamping isolated rat lens fiber cells reveals that fiber cells at different stages of differentiation respond differently to osmotic stress. The results confirm that spatial differences in ion influx and efflux exist in the lens that must be regulated to maintain lens volume and transparency.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Physiology and Pharmacology:

Thomas Dalsgaard, Christel Kroigaard, Toke Bek, and Ulf Simonsen

Role of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels with Small Conductance in Bradykinin-Induced Vasodilation of Porcine Retinal Arterioles
2009 50: 3819-3825. First Published on February 28 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3168.
The present study suggests that endothelial calcium-activated K channels contribute to NO-mediated relaxation induced by bradykinin and, hence, may play an important role in retinal arterial endothelial function.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Renata F. Ramos, Grant M. Sumida, and W. Daniel Stamer

Cyclic Mechanical Stress and Trabecular Meshwork Cell Contractility
2009 50: 3826-3832. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2694.
The authors provide evidence that responses of conventional outflow tissues to ocular pulse are cellular in nature, likely involving the contractile machinery of trabecular meshwork cells.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Emilio Syriani, German Cuesto, Elena Abad, Teresa Pelaez, Arcadi Gual, Jesus Pintor, Miguel Morales, and Xavier Gasull

Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Aqueous Humor Dynamics
2009 50: 3833-3839. First Published on April 8 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2924.
PDGF, by activating the Rac1 pathway, induces cytoskeletal changes in TM cells that enhance outflow facility and decrease IOP. Pharmacologic activation of this pathway is an interesting target to decrease IOP after ocular hypertension.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Marisol del Valle Cano, Emmanouil D. Karagiannis, Mohamed Soliman, Belal Bakir, Wenjuan Zhuang, Aleksander S. Popel, and Peter L. Gehlbach

A Peptide Derived from Type 1 Thrombospondin Repeat–Containing Protein WISP-1 Inhibits Corneal and Choroidal Neovascularization
2009 50: 3840-3845. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2607.
A peptide derived from type 1 thrombospondin repeat–containing protein WISP-1 inhibits ocular neovascularization in vitro and in vivo.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Claudio Bucolo, Keith W. Ward, Emanuela Mazzon, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, and Filippo Drago

Protective Effects of a Coumarin Derivative in Diabetic Rats
2009 50: 3846-3852. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3328.
This study demonstrates that the coumarin derivative cloricromene attenuates the degree of inflammation preserving the blood–retinal barrier in diabetic rats. Specifically, this coumarin derivative reduces retinal TNF, ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS in diabetic rat, and prevents tight junctions downregulation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Shahid Husain, David E. Potter, and Craig E. Crosson

Opioid Receptor-Activation: Retina Protected from Ischemic Injury
2009 50: 3853-3859. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2907.
Opioids as retinal neuroprotective agents: old drugs with new applications.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retina:

Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás, Manuel Jiménez-López, Paloma Sobrado-Calvo, Leticia Nieto-López, Isabel Cánovas-Martínez, Manuel Salinas-Navarro, Manuel Vidal-Sanz, and Marta Agudo

Brn3a as a Marker of Retinal Ganglion Cells: Qualitative and Quantitative Time Course Studies in Naïve and Optic Nerve–Injured Retinas
2009 50: 3860-3868. First Published on March 5 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3267.
The authors show that the Brn3a transcription factor is a reliable ex vivo marker for detecting and quantifying retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the adult albino rat retina, both naïve and optic nerve–injured. In this article, the number of rat RGCs expressing Brn3a, their spatial distribution within the retina, and the Brn3a expression pattern after axonal injury are characterized.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yasunari Munemasa, Jacky M. K. Kwong, Joseph Caprioli, and Natik Piri

The Role of A- and B-Crystallins in the Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Optic Nerve Axotomy
2009 50: 3869-3875. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3138.
-Crystallins have a significant neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve axotomy. Approximately 95% and 75% increases in RGC survival mediated by A and B overexpression, respectively, were observed at day 14 after ONT, whereas at day 7, the cell-protective effect of these proteins was approximately 40%.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yasushi Ikuno and Yasuo Tano

Retinal and Choroidal Biometry in Highly Myopic Eyes with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
2009 50: 3876-3880. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3325.
Retinal and choroidal thinning was assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in highly myopic healthy eyes. Choroidal thinning was strongly associated with posterior staphyloma formation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David S. Williams, Tomas S. Aleman, Concepción Lillo, Vanda S. Lopes, Louise C. Hughes, Edwin M. Stone, and Samuel G. Jacobson

Harmonin in the Murine Retina and the Retinal Phenotypes of Ush1c-Mutant Mice and Human USH1C
2009 50: 3881-3889. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3358.
In the retina, the Usher 1C protein, harmonin, is present primarily in the photoreceptor synapses. Patients with USH1C retain regions of normal central retina surrounded by degeneration, but the deaf-circler mouse retina is entirely normal and appears to be a model for nonsyndromic deafness.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figure  

Fang Lu, Zhiwei Hu, John Sinard, Alan Garen, and Ron A. Adelman

Factor VII–Verteporfin for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy in a Rat Model of Choroidal Neovascularization
2009 50: 3890-3896. First Published on April 8 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2833.
Targeting pathologic vessels with factor VII–targeted photodynamic therapy results in a significant improvement in the efficacy of photodynamic therapy, which may lead to an improvement in the treatment of neovascular disorders of the eye.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dorit Raz-Prag, Yong Zeng, Paul A. Sieving, and Ronald A. Bush

Photoreceptor Protection by Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated LEDGF Expression in the RCS Rat Model of Retinal Degeneration: Probing the Mechanism
2009 50: 3897-3906. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3153.
Comprehensive morphologic and functional evidence is presented that chronic LEDGF treatment via AAV-Ledgf administration successfully protects photoreceptors in the RCS rat model of retinal degeneration. Protein and RNA analyses were used to investigate the mechanism of rescue.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

R. Theodore Smith, Nuno L. Gomes, Gaetano Barile, Mihai Busuioc, Noah Lee, and Andrew Laine

Lipofuscin and Autofluorescence Metrics in Progressive STGD
2009 50: 3907-3914. First Published on April 22 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2448.
The authors evaluated Stargardt disease progression relative to lipofuscin levels via analysis of autofluorescence images.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Monika Fleckenstein, Hans-Martin Helb, Peter Charbel Issa, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, and Frank G. Holz

In Vivo Imaging of Foveal Sparing in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2009 50: 3915-3921. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2484.
Through combined cSLO and spectral-domain OCT imaging, this study reveals distinct topographic foveal alterations in patients with age-related geographic atrophy and foveal sparing.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Diego C. Fernandez, Melina P. Bordone, Mónica S. Chianelli, and Ruth E. Rosenstein

Retinal Neuroprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage Induced by Postconditioning
2009 50: 3922-3930. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3344.
The present results indicate that repetitive cycles of briefly interrupted reperfusion performed at the onset of full reperfusion (postconditioning) significantly protected both retinal function and histology from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alexandra C. Provost, Leonie Vede, Karine Bigot, Nicole Keller, Anne Tailleux, Jean-Philipe Jaïs, Michelle Savoldelli, Ilhame Ameqrane, Emmanuelle Lacassagne, Jean-Marc Legeais, Bart Staels, Maurice Menasche, Ziad Mallat, Francine Behar-Cohen, and Marc Abitbol

Morphologic and Electroretinographic Phenotype of SR-BI Knockout Mice after a Long-Term Atherogenic Diet
2009 50: 3931-3942. First Published on May 6 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2527.
SR-BI is the major scavenger of HDL cholesterol. SR-BI–deficient mice constitute a valuable animal model for getting novel insight into the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration and its links to atherosclerosis.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Bin Zhang, Yang Hu, and Jian-xing Ma

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of SERPINA3K in the Retina
2009 50: 3943-3952. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2954.
This study identified a novel anti-inflammatory factor in the retina. The decreased retinal levels of this anti-inflammatory factor in diabetes may contribute to diabetic retinopathy.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Supplementary Figures  

Nuno L. Gomes, Vivienne C. Greenstein, Joshua N. Carlson, Stephen H. Tsang, R. Theodore Smith, Ronald E. Carr, Donald C. Hood, and Stanley Chang

A Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence and Retinal Structure in Patients with Stargardt Disease
2009 50: 3953-3959. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2657.
This paper compares structural changes detected in the retina with spectral domain optical coherence tomography to changes visible on fundus autofluorescence in patients with Stargardt disease.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter Kristian Kofoed, Birgit Sander, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Line Kessel, and Michael Larsen

Retinal Vessel Diameters in Relation to Hematocrit Variation during Acclimatization of Highlanders to Sea Level Altitude
2009 50: 3960-3963. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3217.
Although a 16% reduction in hematocrit occurred during 10 weeks in a group of highlanders after arrival at sea level, the only significant excursion observed in retinal vessels was that the diameter of the veins was larger at day 23 than at day 2 and day 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter Kristian Kofoed, Birgit Sander, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Line Kessel, Kristian Klemp, and Michael Larsen

The Effect of High- to Low-Altitude Adaptation on the Multifocal Electroretinogram
2009 50: 3964-3969. First Published on February 21 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3216.
Highlanders who traveled to sea level had supernormal electroretinographic amplitudes that continued to increase during a 10-week study period.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retinal Cell Biology:

Yasuya Inomata, Mikiko Fukushima, Ryuhei Hara, Eri Takahashi, Megumi Honjo, Takahisa Koga, Takahiro Kawaji, Hiroo Satoh, Motohiro Takeya, Tatsuya Sawamura, and Hidenobu Tanihara

Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization in Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Type 1–Deficient Mice
2009 50: 3970-3976. First Published on January 31 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1177.
Laser-induced CNV was inhibited in LOX-1–deficient mice.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gabriel Luna, Sten Kjellstrom, Mark R. Verardo, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Jiyun Byun, Paul A. Sieving, and Steven K. Fisher

The Effects of Transient Retinal Detachment on Cavity Size and Glial and Neural Remodeling in a Mouse Model of X-Linked Retinoschisis
2009 50: 3977-3984. First Published on April 22 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2910.
This paper examines the effects of large short-term retinal detachments in Rs1-KO mice, followed by a period of reattachment, and demonstrates that performing intraocular injections, whether subretinal or intravitreal, to deliver therapeutic agents may be a viable option in the treatment of patients with retinoschisis, without causing significant cellular damage to the retina.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

William A. Beltran, Gregory M. Acland, and Gustavo D. Aguirre

Age-Dependent Disease Expression Determines Remodeling of the Retinal Mosaic in Carriers of RPGR Exon ORF15 Mutations
2009 50: 3985-3995. First Published on February 28 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3364.
Remodeling of the retinal mosaic in carriers of RPGRORF15 mutations varies with age of disease onset.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Félix R. Vázquez-Chona, Anna M. Clark, and Edward M. Levine

Rlbp1 Promoter Drives Robust Müller Glial GFP Expression in Transgenic Mice
2009 50: 3996-4003. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3189.
Regulatory elements in a restricted region of the Rlbp1 gene are sufficient to drive Müller glial green fluorescent protein expression in vivo. The Rlbp1-GFP line is a powerful tool to visualize morphologic changes in Müller glia during development and degeneration.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Luisa M. Franco, Rahel Zulliger, Ute E. K. Wolf-Schnurrbusch, Yoshiaki Katagiri, Henry J. Kaplan, Sebastian Wolf, and Volker Enzmann

Decreased Visual Function after Patchy Loss of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Induced by Low-Dose Sodium Iodate
2009 50: 4004-4010. First Published on April 1 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2898.
The optokinetic reflex measurement is a sensitive tool to quantify low-dose effects on visual function in the murine NaIO₃ model of RPE damage.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Neurophysiology:

Sivan Durbin, Giuseppe Mirabella, J. Raymond Buncic, and Carol A. Westall

Reduced Grating Acuity Associated with Retinal Toxicity in Children with Infantile Spasms on Vigabatrin Therapy
2009 50: 4011-4016. First Published on March 11 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3237.
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity functions were measured by sweep VEP in children with infantile spasms who had been exposed to vigabatrin (VGB). A multivariate analysis of variance, comparing results between children with and without retinal toxicity, revealed visual acuity to be significantly reduced by VGB toxicity.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics:

Derek Nankivil, Fabrice Manns, Esdras Arrieta-Quintero, Noel Ziebarth, David Borja, Adriana Amelinckx, Andres Bernal, Arthur Ho, and Jean-Marie Parel

Effect of Anterior Zonule Transection on the Change in Lens Diameter and Power in Cynomolgus Monkeys during Simulated Accommodation
2009 50: 4017-4021. First Published on March 25 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2638.
Evidence that the posterior zonules and hyaloid membrane play a significant role in accommodation.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Roger S. Anderson, Tony Redmond, D. Rodney McDowell, Karen M. M. Breslin, and Margarita B. Zlatkova

The Robustness of Various Forms of Perimetry to Different Levels of Induced Intraocular Stray Light
2009 50: 4022-4028. First Published on April 30 2009 as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2934.
Standard automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, frequency-doubling perimetry, and grating-resolution perimetry are all significantly affected by induced age-related increases in intraocular stray light, but GRP is affected to a lesser extent than the others. This is because of the sampling-limited nature of the GRP task.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

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